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चाणक्य नीति - अष्टमोऽध्यायः अधमा धनमिच्छन्ति धनमानौ च मध्यमाः । Low class men desire wealth; middle class men both wealth and respect; but the noble, honour only; hence honour is the noble man's true wealth. इक्षुरापः पयो मूलं ताम्बूलं फलमौषधम् । After consuming sugarcane juice, milk, roots, betel leaves, fruits & medicine, one should take bath, give charity & perform other acts. दीपो भक्षयते ध्वान्तं कज्जलं च प्रसूयते । The lamp eats up the darkness and therefore it produces lamp black; in the same way according to the nature of our diet (sattva, rajas, or tamas) we produce offspring in similar quality. वित्तं देहि गुणान्वितेषु मतिमन्नान्यत्र देहि क्वचित् O wise man! Give your wealth only to the worthy and never to others. The water of the sea received by the clouds is always sweet. The rain water enlivens all living beings of the earth both movable (insects, animals, humans, etc.) and immovable (plants, trees, etc.), and then returns to the ocean it value multiplied a million fold. चाण्डालानां सहस्रैश्च सूरिभिस्तत्त्वदर्शिभिः । The wise who discern the essence of things have declared that the यवन (meat eater) is equal in baseness to a thousand candalas the lowest class, and hence a यवन is the basest of men; indeed there is no one more base. तैलाभ्यङ्गे चिताधूमे मैथुने क्षौरकर्मणि । After having rubbed oil on the body, after encountering the smoke from a funeral pyre, after sexual intercourse, and after being shaved, one remains a chandala until he bathes. अजीर्णे भेषजं वारि जीर्णे वारि बलप्रदम् । Water is the medicine for indigestion; it is invigorating when the food that is eaten is well digested; it is like nectar when drunk in the middle of a dinner; and it is like poison when taken at the end of a meal, referring to over-consumption of water. हतं ज्ञानं क्रियाहीनं हतश्चाज्ञानतो नरः । Knowledge is lost without putting it into practice; a man is lost due to ignorance; an army is lost without a commander; and a woman is lost without a husband. वृद्धकाले मृता भार्या बन्धुहस्तगतं धनम् । A man who encounters the following three is unfortunate; the death of his wife in his old age, the entrusting of money into the hands of relatives, and depending upon others for food. नाग्निहोत्रं विना वेदा न च दानं विना क्रिया । Chanting of the Vedas without making ritualistic sacrifices to the Supreme Lord through the medium of Agni, and sacrifices not followed by bountiful gifts are futile. Perfection can be achieved only through devotion (to the Supreme Lord) for devotion is the basis of all success. न देवो विद्यते काष्ठे न पाषाणे न मृण्मये । God can not be found in a wood piece, stone or a mud idol. It is the belief that makes us feel the presence of God. Hence, only the feeling matters – not the material. काष्ठपाषाणधातूनां कृत्वा भावेन सेवनम् । By crafting and carving the idol of the God with wood, stone and metal, and then worshipping it with devotion and utmost care, would lead to one attaining the abode of श्री विष्णु. न देवो विद्यते काष्ठे न पाषाणे न मृन्मये । The Supreme Lord is not present in the wood, stone and metal. Instead, he is present in the thoughts. Only with the purity in the thoughts will one be able to attain the Supreme Lord. शान्तितुल्यं तपो नास्ति न सन्तोषात्परं सुखम् । There is no austerity equal to a balanced mind, and there is no happiness equal to contentment; there is no disease like covetousness, and no virtue like mercy. गुणो भूषयते रूपं शीलं भूषयते कुलम् । Moral excellence is an ornament for personal beauty; righteous conduct, for high birth; success for learning; and proper spending for wealth. निर्गुणस्य हतं रूपं दुःशीलस्य हतं कुलम् । Beauty is spoiled by an immoral nature; noble birth by bad conduct; learning, without being perfected; and wealth by not being properly utilised. शुद्धं भूमिगतं तोयं शुद्धा नारी पतिव्रता । Water seeping into the earth is pure; and a devoted wife is pure; the king who is the benefactor of his people is pure; and pure is the brahmana who is contented. असन्तुष्टा द्विजा नष्टाः सन्तुष्टाश्च महीभृतः । Discontented brahmanas, contented kings, shy prostitutes, and immodest housewives are ruined. किं कुलेन विशालेन विद्याहीनेन देहिनाम् । Of what avail is a high birth if a person is destitute of scholarship? A man who is of low extraction is honoured even by the demigods if he is learned. विद्वान् प्रशस्यते लोके विद्वान् सर्वत्र पूज्यते । A learned man is honoured by the people. A learned man commands respect everywhere for his learning. Indeed, learning is honoured everywhere. मांसभक्ष्यैः सुरापानैर्मुखैश्चाक्षरवर्जितैः । The earth is encumbered with the weight of the flesh-eaters, wine- bibblers, dolts and blockheads, who are beasts in the form of men. अन्नहीनो दहेद्राष्ट्रं मन्त्रहीनश्च ऋत्विजः । There is no enemy like a yajna (sacrifice) which consumes the kingdom when not attended by feeding on a large scale; consumes the priest when the chanting is not done properly; and consumes the yajaman (the responsible person) when the gifts are not made.
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