Patanjali Yoga Sutras - 2 (Sadhana Pada) - Gujarati

પાતંજલિ યોગ સૂત્રાણિ are concise aphorisms meant to be lived, not merely understood. They read like a pocket-sized psychology of attention: how the mind gets scattered, why suffering repeats, and what kind of training makes clarity stable.

In સમાધિ પાદ, Patanjali defined યોગ as the stilling of the mind's fluctuations (ચિત્ત-વૃત્તિ-નિરોધઃ) and described what becomes visible when the mind is quieter: the દ્રષ્ટૃ (seer) stands distinct from what is seen. He mapped the kinds of mental movement, the role of અભ્યાસ and વૈરાગ્ય, the obstacles that disrupt steadiness, and several skillful remedies (attitudes like મૈત્રી/કરુણા, breath-based settling, and ઈશ્વરપ્રણિધાન).

As you read, notice the chapter's rhythm: diagnosis first, then remedy; inner work and outer discipline reinforcing each other. Classical યોગ commentaries treat this chapter as the practical spine of the text, because it shows how clarity becomes a stable character rather than a passing mood.

અથ સાધનપાદઃ ।

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Now begins the chapter on disciplined practice.

તપઃ સ્વાધ્યાયેશ્વરપ્રણિધાનાનિ ક્રિયાયોગઃ ॥1॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
The yoga of disciplined practice consists of disciplined effort, self-study, and dedication to the Lord.

સમાધિભાવનાર્થઃ ક્લેશતનૂકરણાર્થશ્ચ ॥2॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Its purpose is to cultivate deep meditation and to weaken the afflictions.

અવિદ્યાસ્મિતારાગદ્વેષાભિનિવેશાઃ ક્લેશાઃ ॥3॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Ignorance, egoism, craving, aversion, and clinging are the afflictions.

અવિદ્યા ક્ષેત્રમુત્તરેષાં પ્રસુપ્તતનુવિચ્છિન્નોદારાણામ્ ॥4॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Ignorance is the field in which the other afflictions exist, whether dormant, weakened, intermittent, or active.

અનિત્યાશુચિદુઃખાનાત્મસુ નિત્યશુચિસુખાત્મખ્યાતિરવિદ્યા ॥5॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Ignorance is seeing the impermanent as permanent, the impure as pure, the painful as pleasant, and what is not the Self as the Self.

દૃગ્દર્શનશક્ત્યોરેકાત્મતેવાસ્મિતા ॥6॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Egoism is the identification of the seer with the power of perception.

સુખાનુશયી રાગઃ ॥7॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Craving is the latent pull that follows pleasurable experience.

દુઃખાનુશયી દ્વેષઃ ॥8॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Aversion is the latent push-away that follows painful experience.

સ્વરસવાહી વિદુષોઽપિ તથારૂઢોઽભિનિવેશઃ ॥9॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Clinging to life, flowing instinctively, is firmly rooted even in the wise.

તે પ્રતિપ્રસવહેયાઃ સૂક્ષ્માઃ ॥10॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
The subtle afflictions are removed by resolving them back into their source.

ધ્યાનહેયાસ્તદ્વૃત્તયઃ ॥11॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Their active movements are removed through meditation.

ક્લેશમૂલઃ કર્માશયો દૃષ્ટાદૃષ્ટજન્મવેદનીયઃ ॥12॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
The storehouse of karmic impressions is rooted in the afflictions, and it bears experiences in this life and in unseen (future) conditions.

સતિ મૂલે તદ્ વિપાકો જાત્યાયુર્ભોગાઃ ॥13॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
When the root is present, its ripening produces birth circumstances, lifespan, and experiences.

તે હ્લાદપરિતાપફલાઃ પુણ્યાપુણ્યહેતુત્વાત્ ॥14॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Those results are experienced as pleasure or pain, because they arise from virtue and non-virtue.

પરિણામતાપસંસ્કારદુઃખૈર્ગુણવૃત્તિવિરોધાચ્ચ દુઃખમેવ સર્વં વિવેકિનઃ ॥15॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
For the discerning, all conditioned experience is ultimately unsatisfactory, because of change, suffering, latent impressions, and the conflicting movements of the qualities of nature.

હેયં દુઃખમનાગતમ્ ॥16॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Future suffering is to be avoided.

દ્રષ્ટૃદૃશ્યયોઃ સંયોગો હેયહેતુઃ॥17॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
The cause of what is to be avoided is the conjunction (mis-identification) of the seer and the seen.

પ્રકાશક્રિયાસ્થિતિશીલં ભૂતેંદ્રિયાત્મકં ભોગાપવર્ગાર્થં દૃશ્યમ્ ॥18॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
The seen world, consisting of the elements and the senses, has the nature of illumination, activity, and stability, and exists for experience and for liberation.

વિશેષાવિશેષલિંગમાત્રાલિંગાનિ ગુણપર્વાણિ ॥19॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
The stages of nature's qualities range from the manifest to the subtle, the merely marked, and the unmanifest.

દ્રષ્ટા દૃશિમાત્રઃ શુદ્ધોઽપિ પ્રત્યયાનુપશ્યઃ ॥20॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
The seer is pure seeing itself, yet it witnesses mental contents.

તદર્થ એવ દૃશ્યસ્યાત્મા ॥21॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
The very nature of the seen is for that purpose (for the seer).

કૃતાર્થં પ્રતિ નષ્ટમપ્યનષ્ટં તદન્યસાધારણત્વાત્ ॥22॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
For one whose purpose is fulfilled, the seen is as though ended, yet it is not ended for others, because it is shared.

સ્વસ્વામિશક્ત્યોઃ સ્વરૂપોપલબ્ધિહેતુઃ સંયોગઃ ॥23॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Conjunction is the cause for recognizing the true nature of the owner (seer) and the owned (seen).

તસ્ય હેતુરવિદ્યા ॥24॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
The cause of that conjunction is ignorance.

તદભાવાત્સંયોગાભાવો હાનં તદ્ દૃશેઃ કૈવલ્યમ્ ॥25॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
With the absence of ignorance comes the absence of conjunction; that is the removal of suffering and the seer's freedom.

વિવેકખ્યાતિરવિપ્લવા હાનોપાયઃ ॥26॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Unbroken discernment is the means to the removal (of suffering).

તસ્ય સપ્તધા પ્રાંતભૂમિઃ પ્રજ્ઞા ॥27॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
In its culmination, wisdom has seven stages.

યોગાંગાનુષ્ઠાનાદશુદ્ધિક્ષયે જ્ઞાનદીપ્તિરાવિવેકખ્યાતેઃ ॥28॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Through practicing the limbs of yoga, impurities are destroyed, and the light of insight shines forth toward discernment.

યમનિયમાસનપ્રાણાયામપ્રત્યાહારધારણાધ્યાનસમાધયોષ્ટાવંગાનિ ॥29॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
The eight limbs are ethical restraints, disciplines, posture, breath regulation, sense-withdrawal, concentration, meditation, and absorption.

અહિંસાસત્યાસ્તેયબ્રહ્મચર્યાપરિગ્રહા યમાઃ ॥30॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
The ethical restraints are non-harming, truthfulness, non-stealing, wise restraint, and non-possessiveness.

જાતિદેશકાલસમયાનવચ્છિન્નાઃ સાર્વભૌમા મહાવ્રતમ્ ॥31॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
When not restricted by class, place, time, or circumstance, these become the great universal vow.

શૌચસંતોષતપઃ સ્વાધ્યાયેશ્વરપ્રણિધાનાનિ નિયમાઃ ॥32॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
The observances are purity, contentment, disciplined effort, self-study, and dedication to the Lord.

વિતર્કબાધને પ્રતિપક્ષભાવનમ્ ॥33॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
When disturbed by harmful thoughts, cultivate their opposite.

વિતર્કાહિંસાદયઃ કૃતકારિતાનુમોદિતા લોભક્રોધમોહપૂર્વકા મૃદુમધ્યાધિમાત્રા દુઃખાજ્ઞાનાનંતફલા ઇતિ પ્રતિપક્ષભાવનમ્ ॥34॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Harmful thoughts - whether acted on, caused, or approved, and whether mild, moderate, or intense - are rooted in greed, anger, and delusion, and they bring endless suffering and ignorance; therefore cultivate their opposite.

અહિંસાપ્રતિષ્ઠાયાં તત્સન્નિધૌ વૈરત્યાગઃ ॥35॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
When one is firmly established in non-harming, hostility is abandoned in one's presence.

સત્યપ્રતિષ્ઠાયાં ક્રિયાફલાશ્રયત્વમ્ ॥36॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
When established in truthfulness, actions bear reliable results.

અસ્તેયપ્રતિષ્ઠાયાં સર્વરત્નોપસ્થાનમ્ ॥37॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
When established in non-stealing, all kinds of "treasures" come to one.

બ્રહ્મચર્યપ્રતિષ્ઠાયાં વીર્યલાભઃ ॥38॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
When established in wise restraint, vigor and strength are gained.

અપરિગ્રહસ્થૈર્યે જન્મકથંતાસંબોધઃ ॥39॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
When established in non-possessiveness, understanding of the circumstances of birth arises.

શૌચાત્સ્વાંગજુગુપ્સા પરૈરસંસર્ગઃ ॥40॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
From purity arises dispassion toward one's own body and reduced clinging-contact with others.

સત્ત્વશુદ્ધિ-સૌમનસ્યૈકાગ્ર્યેંદ્રિયજયાત્મદર્શન-યોગ્યત્વાનિ ચ ॥41॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
And from purity arise clarity of mind, serenity, one-pointedness, mastery of the senses, fitness for Self-knowledge, and the capacity for direct inner seeing.

સંતોષાત્ અનુત્તમઃસુખલાભઃ ॥42॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
From contentment comes the highest happiness.

કાયેંદ્રિયસિદ્ધિરશુદ્ધિક્ષયાત્ તપસઃ ॥43॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Through disciplined effort, as impurities diminish, the body and senses gain capability and refinement.

સ્વાધ્યાયાદિષ્ટદેવતાસંપ્રયોગઃ ॥44॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Through self-study comes communion with one's chosen guiding ideal.

સમાધિસિદ્ધિરીશ્વરપ્રણિધાનાત્ ॥45॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Through dedication to the Lord, meditative absorption is attained.

સ્થિરસુખમાસનમ્ ॥46॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Posture is steady and easeful.

પ્રયત્નશૈથિલ્યાનંતસમાપત્તિભ્યામ્ ॥47॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
It is mastered by relaxing effort and by attuning to the boundless.

તતો દ્વંદ્વાનભિઘાતઃ ॥48॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
From that comes non-disturbance by the pairs of opposites.

તસ્મિન્ સતિ શ્વાસપ્રશ્વાસયોર્ગતિવિચ્છેદઃ પ્રાણાયામઃ ॥49॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
When that is established, breath regulation is the regulation of the movement of inhalation and exhalation.

(સ તુ) બાહ્યાભ્યંતરસ્તંભવૃત્તિર્દેશકાલસંખ્યાભિઃ પરિદૃષ્ટો દીર્ઘસૂક્ષ્મઃ ॥50॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
That breath regulation has external, internal, and suspended modes, and is observed and regulated by place, time, and count; it becomes long and subtle.

બાહ્યાભ્યંતરવિષયાક્ષેપી ચતુર્થઃ ॥51॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
The fourth breath regulation goes beyond the external and internal fields.

તતઃ ક્ષીયતે પ્રકાશાવરણમ્ ॥52॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
From that, the veil covering clarity is diminished.

ધારણાસુ ચ યોગ્યતા મનસઃ ॥53॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
And the mind becomes fit for concentration.

સ્વવિષયાસંપ્રયોગે ચિત્તસ્વરૂપાનુકાર ઇવેંદ્રિયાણાં પ્રત્યાહારઃ ॥54॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Sense-withdrawal is when the senses no longer connect with their objects and, as if, follow the nature of the mind.

તતઃ પરમાવશ્યતેંદ્રિયાણામ્ ॥55॥

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
From that comes the highest mastery of the senses.

ઇતિ પાતંજલયોગદર્શને સાધનપાદો નામ દ્વિતીયઃ પાદઃ ।

Translation (ભાવાર્થ):
Thus ends the second chapter of Patanjali's Yoga teaching, called "The Chapter on Practice."

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