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चाणक्य नीति - षष्ठोऽध्यायः श्रुत्वा धर्मं विजानाति श्रुत्वा त्यजति दुर्मतिम् । By means of hearing one understands dharma, malignity vanishes, knowledge is acquired, and liberation from material bondage is gained. पक्षिणः काकश्चंडालः पशूनां चैव कुक्कुरः । Among birds the crow is vile; among beasts the dog; the ascetic whose sins is abominable, but he who blasphemes others is the worst chandala. भस्मना शुद्ध्यते कास्यं ताम्रमम्लेन शुद्ध्यति । Brass is polished by ashes; copper is cleaned by tamarind; a woman, by her menses; and a river by its flow. भ्रमन्संपूज्यते राजा भ्रमन्संपूज्यते द्विजः । The king, the ब्राह्मण, and the ascetic योगी who go abroad are respected; but the woman who wanders is utterly ruined. यस्यार्थास्तस्य मित्राणि यस्यार्थास्तस्य बांधवाः । He who has wealth has friends. He who is wealthy has relatives. The rich one alone is called a man, and the affluent alone are respected as pandits. तादृशी जायते बुद्धिर्व्यवसायोऽपि तादृशः । As is the desire of Providence, so functions one's intellect; one's activities are also controlled by Providence; and by the will of Providence one is surrounded by helpers. कालः पचति भूतानि कालः संहरते प्रजाः । Time perfects all living beings as well as kills them; it alone is awake when all others are asleep. Time is insurmountable. न पश्यति च जन्मांधः कामांधो नैव पश्यति । Those born blind cannot see; similarly blind are those in the grip of lust. Proud men have no perception of evil; and those bent on acquiring riches see no sin in their actions. स्वयं कर्म करोत्यात्मा स्वयं तत्फलमश्नुते । The spirit soul goes through his own course of karma and he himself suffers the good and bad results thereby accrued. By his own actions he entangles himself in samsara, and by his own efforts he extricates himself. राजा राष्ट्रकृतं पापं राज्ञः पापं पुरोहितः । The king is obliged to accept the sins of his subjects; the पुरोहित (priest) suffers for those of the king; a husband suffers for those of his wife; and the guru suffers for those of his pupils. ऋणकर्ता पिता शत्रुर्माता च व्यभिचारिणी । A father who is a chronic debtor, an adulterous mother, a beautiful wife, and an unlearned son are enemies ( in one's own home). लुब्धमर्थेन गृह्णीयात् स्तब्धमंजलिकर्मणा । Conciliate a covetous man by means of a gift, an obstinate man with folded hands in salutation, a fool by humouring him, and a learned man by truthful words. वरं न राज्यं न कुराजराज्यं It is better to be without a kingdom than to rule over a petty one; better to be without a friend than to befriend a rascal; better to be without a disciple than to have a stupid one; and better to be without a wife than to have a bad one. कुराजराज्येन कुतः प्रजासुखं How can people be made happy in a petty kingdom? What peace can we expect from a rascal friend? What happiness can we have at home in the company of a bad wife? How can renown be gained by instructing an unworthy disciple? सिंहादेकं बकादेकं शिक्षेच्चत्वारि कुक्कुटात् । Learn one thing from a lion; one from a crane; four from a cock; five from a crow; six from a dog; and three from a donkey. प्रभूतं कार्यमल्पं वा यन्नरः कर्तुमिच्छति । The one excellent thing that can be learned from a lion is that whatever a man intends doing should be done by him with a whole-hearted and strenuous effort. इंद्रियाणि च संयम्य रागद्वेषविवर्जितः । The wise man should restrain his senses like the crane and accomplish his purpose with due knowledge of his place, time and ability. प्रत्युत्थानं च युद्धं च संविभागं च बंधुषु । To wake at the proper time; to take a bold stand and fight; to make a fair division (of property) among relations; and to earn one's own bread by personal exertion are the four excellent things to be learned from a cock. गूढमैथुनचारित्वं काले काले च संग्रहम् । Union in privacy (with one's wife); boldness; storing away useful items; watchfulness; and not easily trusting others; these five things are to be learned from a crow. बह्वाशी स्वल्पसंतुष्टः सनिद्रो लघुचेतनः । Contentment with little or nothing to eat although one may have a great appetite; to awaken instantly although one may be in a deep slumber; unflinching devotion to the master; and bravery; these six qualities should be learned from the dog. सुश्रांतोऽपि वहेद्भारं शीतोष्णं न च पश्यति । Although an ass is tired, he continues to carry his burden; he is unmindful of cold and heat; and he is always contented; these three things should be learned from the donkey. य एतान्विंशतिगुणानाचरिष्यति मानवः । He who shall practice these twenty virtues shall become invincible in all his undertakings.
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