Patanjali Yoga Sutras - 2 (Sadhana Pada) - Tamil

பாதஞ்ஜலி யோக³ ஸூத்ராணி are concise aphorisms meant to be lived, not merely understood. They read like a pocket-sized psychology of attention: how the mind gets scattered, why suffering repeats, and what kind of training makes clarity stable.

In ஸமாதி⁴ பாத³, Patanjali defined யோக³ as the stilling of the mind's fluctuations (சித்த-வ்ருத்தி-னிரோத:⁴) and described what becomes visible when the mind is quieter: the த்³ரஷ்ட்ரு (seer) stands distinct from what is seen. He mapped the kinds of mental movement, the role of அப்⁴யாஸ and வைராக்³ய, the obstacles that disrupt steadiness, and several skillful remedies (attitudes like மைத்ரீ/கருணா, breath-based settling, and ஈஶ்வரப்ரணிதா⁴ன).

As you read, notice the chapter's rhythm: diagnosis first, then remedy; inner work and outer discipline reinforcing each other. Classical யோக³ commentaries treat this chapter as the practical spine of the text, because it shows how clarity becomes a stable character rather than a passing mood.

அத² ஸாத⁴னபாத:³ ।

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Now begins the chapter on disciplined practice.

தப: ஸ்வாத்⁴யாயேஶ்வரப்ரணிதா⁴னானி க்ரியாயோக:³ ॥1॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The yoga of disciplined practice consists of disciplined effort, self-study, and dedication to the Lord.

ஸமாதி⁴பா⁴வனார்த:² க்லேஶதனூகரணார்த²ஶ்ச ॥2॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Its purpose is to cultivate deep meditation and to weaken the afflictions.

அவித்³யாஸ்மிதாராக³த்³வேஷாபி⁴னிவேஶா: க்லேஶா: ॥3॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Ignorance, egoism, craving, aversion, and clinging are the afflictions.

அவித்³யா க்ஷேத்ரமுத்தரேஷாம் ப்ரஸுப்ததனுவிச்சி²ன்னோதா³ராணாம் ॥4॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Ignorance is the field in which the other afflictions exist, whether dormant, weakened, intermittent, or active.

அனித்யாஶுசிது³:கா²னாத்மஸு நித்யஶுசிஸுகா²த்மக்²யாதிரவித்³யா ॥5॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Ignorance is seeing the impermanent as permanent, the impure as pure, the painful as pleasant, and what is not the Self as the Self.

த்³ருக்³த³ர்ஶனஶக்த்யோரேகாத்மதேவாஸ்மிதா ॥6॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Egoism is the identification of the seer with the power of perception.

ஸுகா²னுஶயீ ராக:³ ॥7॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Craving is the latent pull that follows pleasurable experience.

து³:கா²னுஶயீ த்³வேஷ: ॥8॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Aversion is the latent push-away that follows painful experience.

ஸ்வரஸவாஹீ விது³ஷோபி ததா²ரூடோ⁴பி⁴னிவேஶ: ॥9॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Clinging to life, flowing instinctively, is firmly rooted even in the wise.

தே ப்ரதிப்ரஸவஹேயா: ஸூக்ஷ்மா: ॥1௦॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The subtle afflictions are removed by resolving them back into their source.

த்⁴யானஹேயாஸ்தத்³வ்ருத்தய: ॥11॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Their active movements are removed through meditation.

க்லேஶமூல: கர்மாஶயோ த்³ருஷ்டாத்³ருஷ்டஜன்மவேத³னீய: ॥12॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The storehouse of karmic impressions is rooted in the afflictions, and it bears experiences in this life and in unseen (future) conditions.

ஸதி மூலே தத்³ விபாகோ ஜாத்யாயுர்போ⁴கா³: ॥13॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
When the root is present, its ripening produces birth circumstances, lifespan, and experiences.

தே ஹ்லாத³பரிதாபப²லா: புண்யாபுண்யஹேதுத்வாத் ॥14॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Those results are experienced as pleasure or pain, because they arise from virtue and non-virtue.

பரிணாமதாபஸம்ஸ்காரது³:கை²ர்கு³ணவ்ருத்திவிரோதா⁴ச்ச து³:க²மேவ ஸர்வம் விவேகின: ॥15॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
For the discerning, all conditioned experience is ultimately unsatisfactory, because of change, suffering, latent impressions, and the conflicting movements of the qualities of nature.

ஹேயம் து³:க²மனாக³தம் ॥16॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Future suffering is to be avoided.

த்³ரஷ்ட்ருத்³ருஶ்யயோ: ஸம்யோகோ³ ஹேயஹேது:॥17॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The cause of what is to be avoided is the conjunction (mis-identification) of the seer and the seen.

ப்ரகாஶக்ரியாஸ்தி²திஶீலம் பூ⁴தேந்த்³ரியாத்மகம் போ⁴கா³பவர்கா³ர்த²ம் த்³ருஶ்யம் ॥18॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The seen world, consisting of the elements and the senses, has the nature of illumination, activity, and stability, and exists for experience and for liberation.

விஶேஷாவிஶேஷலிங்க³மாத்ராலிங்கா³னி கு³ணபர்வாணி ॥19॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The stages of nature's qualities range from the manifest to the subtle, the merely marked, and the unmanifest.

த்³ரஷ்டா த்³ருஶிமாத்ர: ஶுத்³தோ⁴பி ப்ரத்யயானுபஶ்ய: ॥2௦॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The seer is pure seeing itself, yet it witnesses mental contents.

தத³ர்த² ஏவ த்³ருஶ்யஸ்யாத்மா ॥21॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The very nature of the seen is for that purpose (for the seer).

க்ருதார்த²ம் ப்ரதி நஷ்டமப்யனஷ்டம் தத³ன்யஸாதா⁴ரணத்வாத் ॥22॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
For one whose purpose is fulfilled, the seen is as though ended, yet it is not ended for others, because it is shared.

ஸ்வஸ்வாமிஶக்த்யோ: ஸ்வரூபோபலப்³தி⁴ஹேது: ஸம்யோக:³ ॥23॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Conjunction is the cause for recognizing the true nature of the owner (seer) and the owned (seen).

தஸ்ய ஹேதுரவித்³யா ॥24॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The cause of that conjunction is ignorance.

தத³பா⁴வாத்ஸம்யோகா³பா⁴வோ ஹானம் தத்³ த்³ருஶே: கைவல்யம் ॥25॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
With the absence of ignorance comes the absence of conjunction; that is the removal of suffering and the seer's freedom.

விவேகக்²யாதிரவிப்லவா ஹானோபாய: ॥26॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Unbroken discernment is the means to the removal (of suffering).

தஸ்ய ஸப்ததா⁴ ப்ராந்தபூ⁴மி: ப்ரஜ்ஞா ॥27॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
In its culmination, wisdom has seven stages.

யோகா³ங்கா³னுஷ்டா²னாத³ஶுத்³தி⁴க்ஷயே ஜ்ஞானதீ³ப்திராவிவேகக்²யாதே: ॥28॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Through practicing the limbs of yoga, impurities are destroyed, and the light of insight shines forth toward discernment.

யமனியமாஸனப்ராணாயாமப்ரத்யாஹாரதா⁴ரணாத்⁴யானஸமாத⁴யோஷ்டாவங்கா³னி ॥29॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The eight limbs are ethical restraints, disciplines, posture, breath regulation, sense-withdrawal, concentration, meditation, and absorption.

அஹிம்ஸாஸத்யாஸ்தேயப்³ரஹ்மசர்யாபரிக்³ரஹா யமா: ॥3௦॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The ethical restraints are non-harming, truthfulness, non-stealing, wise restraint, and non-possessiveness.

ஜாதிதே³ஶகாலஸமயானவச்சி²ன்னா: ஸார்வபௌ⁴மா மஹாவ்ரதம் ॥31॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
When not restricted by class, place, time, or circumstance, these become the great universal vow.

ஶௌசஸந்தோஷதப: ஸ்வாத்⁴யாயேஶ்வரப்ரணிதா⁴னானி நியமா: ॥32॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The observances are purity, contentment, disciplined effort, self-study, and dedication to the Lord.

விதர்கபா³த⁴னே ப்ரதிபக்ஷபா⁴வனம் ॥33॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
When disturbed by harmful thoughts, cultivate their opposite.

விதர்காஹிம்ஸாத³ய: க்ருதகாரிதானுமோதி³தா லோப⁴க்ரோத⁴மோஹபூர்வகா ம்ருது³மத்⁴யாதி⁴மாத்ரா து³:கா²ஜ்ஞானானந்தப²லா இதி ப்ரதிபக்ஷபா⁴வனம் ॥34॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Harmful thoughts - whether acted on, caused, or approved, and whether mild, moderate, or intense - are rooted in greed, anger, and delusion, and they bring endless suffering and ignorance; therefore cultivate their opposite.

அஹிம்ஸாப்ரதிஷ்டா²யாம் தத்ஸன்னிதௌ⁴ வைரத்யாக:³ ॥35॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
When one is firmly established in non-harming, hostility is abandoned in one's presence.

ஸத்யப்ரதிஷ்டா²யாம் க்ரியாப²லாஶ்ரயத்வம் ॥36॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
When established in truthfulness, actions bear reliable results.

அஸ்தேயப்ரதிஷ்டா²யாம் ஸர்வரத்னோபஸ்தா²னம் ॥37॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
When established in non-stealing, all kinds of "treasures" come to one.

ப்³ரஹ்மசர்யப்ரதிஷ்டா²யாம் வீர்யலாப:⁴ ॥38॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
When established in wise restraint, vigor and strength are gained.

அபரிக்³ரஹஸ்தை²ர்யே ஜன்மகத²ந்தாஸம்போ³த:⁴ ॥39॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
When established in non-possessiveness, understanding of the circumstances of birth arises.

ஶௌசாத்ஸ்வாங்கஜ³ுகு³ப்ஸா பரைரஸம்ஸர்க:³ ॥4௦॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
From purity arises dispassion toward one's own body and reduced clinging-contact with others.

ஸத்த்வஶுத்³தி⁴-ஸௌமனஸ்யைகாக்³ர்யேந்த்³ரியஜயாத்மத³ர்ஶன-யோக்³யத்வானி ச ॥41॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
And from purity arise clarity of mind, serenity, one-pointedness, mastery of the senses, fitness for Self-knowledge, and the capacity for direct inner seeing.

ஸந்தோஷாத் அனுத்தம:ஸுக²லாப:⁴ ॥42॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
From contentment comes the highest happiness.

காயேந்த்³ரியஸித்³தி⁴ரஶுத்³தி⁴க்ஷயாத் தபஸ: ॥43॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Through disciplined effort, as impurities diminish, the body and senses gain capability and refinement.

ஸ்வாத்⁴யாயாதி³ஷ்டதே³வதாஸம்ப்ரயோக:³ ॥44॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Through self-study comes communion with one's chosen guiding ideal.

ஸமாதி⁴ஸித்³தி⁴ரீஶ்வரப்ரணிதா⁴னாத் ॥45॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Through dedication to the Lord, meditative absorption is attained.

ஸ்தி²ரஸுக²மாஸனம் ॥46॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Posture is steady and easeful.

ப்ரயத்னஶைதி²ல்யானந்தஸமாபத்திப்⁴யாம் ॥47॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
It is mastered by relaxing effort and by attuning to the boundless.

ததோ த்³வந்த்³வானபி⁴கா⁴த: ॥48॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
From that comes non-disturbance by the pairs of opposites.

தஸ்மின் ஸதி ஶ்வாஸப்ரஶ்வாஸயோர்க³திவிச்சே²த:³ ப்ராணாயாம: ॥49॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
When that is established, breath regulation is the regulation of the movement of inhalation and exhalation.

(ஸ து) பா³ஹ்யாப்⁴யந்தரஸ்தம்ப⁴வ்ருத்திர்தே³ஶகாலஸங்க்²யாபி⁴: பரித்³ருஷ்டோ தீ³ர்க⁴ஸூக்ஷ்ம: ॥5௦॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
That breath regulation has external, internal, and suspended modes, and is observed and regulated by place, time, and count; it becomes long and subtle.

பா³ஹ்யாப்⁴யந்தரவிஷயாக்ஷேபீ சதுர்த:² ॥51॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The fourth breath regulation goes beyond the external and internal fields.

தத: க்ஷீயதே ப்ரகாஶாவரணம் ॥52॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
From that, the veil covering clarity is diminished.

தா⁴ரணாஸு ச யோக்³யதா மனஸ: ॥53॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
And the mind becomes fit for concentration.

ஸ்வவிஷயாஸம்ப்ரயோகே³ சித்தஸ்வரூபானுகார இவேந்த்³ரியாணாம் ப்ரத்யாஹார: ॥54॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Sense-withdrawal is when the senses no longer connect with their objects and, as if, follow the nature of the mind.

தத: பரமாவஶ்யதேந்த்³ரியாணாம் ॥55॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
From that comes the highest mastery of the senses.

இதி பாதஞ்ஜலயோக³த³ர்ஶனே ஸாத⁴னபாதோ³ நாம த்³விதீய: பாத:³ ।

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Thus ends the second chapter of Patanjali's Yoga teaching, called "The Chapter on Practice."

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