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ಮುಂಡಕ ಉಪನಿಷದ್ - ದ್ವಿತೀಯ ಮುಂಡಕ, ಪ್ರಥಮ ಕಾಂಡಃ ॥ ದ್ವಿತೀಯ ಮುಂಡಕೇ ಪ್ರಥಮಃ ಖಂಡಃ ॥ The whole universe, all objects and Jivas have come out of the same Infinite Intelligence. That is to say, Jivas are the same as the Supreme being just as sparks are similar to the fire from which they emanate. But the only difference is in their intensity. Also, verses here allude to the Supreme God with and without attributes. Now, the essence of the highest Brahman is Nirguna. So, this means that He has no attributes, no form or colour. Further He is also not a cause for anything. In fact, its very difficult to describe Nirguna or Absolute Brahman. However, Vedantic wisdom uses the famous Neti, Neti (not this, not this) formula to arrive at the Indescribable Indestructible Absolute Brahman. Further, the secondary form of Brahman is Saguna, which means Brahman with attributes. This is also called the ‘Unmanifested Maya’ or the material cause, here. ತದೇತತ್ ಸತ್ಯಂ The truth is that just as thousands of similar sparks emanate from a blazing fire, so do a multitude of beings (Jivas) originate from the Indestructible one and finally return back (dissolve) to the source (Saguna Brahman- Supreme Being with Form, Unmanifested Maya) again. ದಿವ್ಯೋ ಹ್ಯಮೂರ್ತಃ ಪುರುಷಃ ಸ ಬಾಹ್ಯಾಭ್ಯಂತರೋ ಹ್ಯಜಃ । But that Transcendental Effulgence (Nirguna Brahman- Supreme Being without form, Purusha) which exists both inside and outside of everything, has no mind or form is birthless and is without vital force is superior to Saguna Brahman. ಏತಸ್ಮಾಜ್ಜಾಯತೇ ಪ್ರಾಣೋ ಮನಃ ಸರ್ವೇಂದ್ರಿಯಾಣಿ ಚ । From him (Saguna Brahman) originate the Prana, the Mind, the fire, water, ether, air and earth that support everything. ಅಗ್ನೀರ್ಮೂರ್ಧಾ ಚಕ್ಷುಷೀ ಚಂದ್ರಸೂರ್ಯೌ Sarvabhut-antaratma (the Virat Self within all of us) is one whose head corresponds to the Heaven, his two eyes the Sun and the Moon, his speech are the revealed Vedas, his heart the air, and his two feet emerging from Earth. ತಸ್ಮಾದಗ್ನಿಃ ಸಮಿಧೋ ಯಸ್ಯ ಸೂರ್ಯಃ The Heavens, fueled by the Sun emerges from Him. From the Moon emerges the clouds and from the clouds the plants and grains on Earth. Man emerges (sustains) out of this and copulates (sincati retas) with woman (of which children emerge) Thus all creatures have emerged out of the Purusha. ತಸ್ಮಾದೃಚಃ ಸಾಮ ಯಜೂಂಷಿ ದೀಕ್ಷಾ It is from Him alone have originated the Rig, Yajur and Sama Vedas and (from Him) the Sacrifice, the Sacrificer, The Kratavah, (sacrificial stake) diksha (rules) and (corresponding gifts). And (from Him) the Sun and the Moon that sanctify the world. ತಸ್ಮಾಚ್ಚ ದೇವಾ ಬಹುಧಾ ಸಂಪ್ರಸೂತಾಃ From Him have emerged the Gods and Sadhyas (groups of God); man-birds-animals; Prana-apana (the two out of 5 vital forces, the other three being samana, vyana, udana); rice and barley; austerities, truthfulness, brahmacharya (continence) and dutifulness in injunctions (vidhi) ಸಪ್ತ ಪ್ರಾಣಾಃ ಪ್ರಭವಂತಿ ತಸ್ಮಾತ್ Moreover, From Him emerge the seven sense organs (saptah pranah); seven flames (sapta archisah), seven fuels (sapta samidah); seven oblation (sapta homah); seven seats of senses (seven lokas). The pranas move seated in the heart placed there in groups of seven by God. ಅತಃ ಸಮುದ್ರಾ ಗಿರಯಶ್ಚ ಸರ್ವೇಽಸ್ಮಾತ್ Also, from Him have originated the oceans (samudra) and mountains (giriyah) and rivers of every description. From Him also originates all the herbs and their essences by virtue of which the Self (antaratma) thrives amongst the Mahabhutas (elements) ಪುರುಷ ಏವೇದಂ ವಿಶ್ವಂ ಕರ್ಮ ತಪೋ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮ ಪರಾಮೃತಮ್ । The Purusha (nirguna Brahman) is all this karma, austerity, knowledge, it is the highest Indestructible Brahman. The one who has realized it (the presence) in the cavity of the heart has severed the knot of ignorance (avidya-granthi) ॥ ಇತಿ ಮುಂಡಕೋಪನಿಷದಿ ದ್ವಿತೀಯಮುಂಡಕೇ ಪ್ರಥಮಃ ಖಂಡಃ ॥
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