ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಅರ್ಜುನ ಉವಾಚ
ಯೇ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರವಿಧಿಮುತ್ಸೃಜ್ಯ ಯಜನ್ತೇ ಶ್ರದ್ಧಯಾನ್ವಿತಾಃ ।
ತೇಷಾಂ ನಿಷ್ಠಾ ತು ಕಾ ಕೃಷ್ಣ ಸತ್ತ್ವಮಾಹೋ ರಜಸ್ತಮಃ ॥ 1 ॥
Meaning
ಅರ್ಜುನಃ ಉವಾಚ — Arjuna said; ಯೇ — those who; ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ-ವಿಧಿಮ್ — the regulations of scripture; ಉತ್ಸೃಜ್ಯ — giving up; ಯಜನ್ತೇ — worship; ಶ್ರದ್ಧಯಾ — full faith; ಅನ್ವಿತಾಃ — possessed of; ತೇಷಾಮ್ — of them; ನಿಷ್ಠಾ — the faith; ತು — but; ಕಾ — what; ಕೃಷ್ಣ — O Kriṣṇa; ಸತ್ತ್ವಮ್ — in goodness; ಆಹೋ — or else; ರಜಃ — in passion; ತಮಃ — in ignorance.
Translation
Arjuna inquired: O Kriṣṇa, what is the situation of those who do not follow the principles of scripture but worship according to their own imagination? Are they in goodness, in passion or in ignorance?
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಶ್ರೀಭಗವಾನುವಾಚ
ತ್ರಿವಿಧಾ ಭವತಿ ಶ್ರದ್ಧಾ ದೇಹಿನಾಂ ಸಾ ಸ್ವಭಾವಜಾ ।
ಸಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕೀ ರಾಜಸೀ ಚೈವ ತಾಮಸೀ ಚೇತಿ ತಾಂ ಶ‍ಋಣು ॥ 2 ॥
Meaning
ಶ್ರೀ-ಭಗವಾನ್ ಉವಾಚ — Bhagavan Sri Krishna said; ತ್ರಿ-ವಿಧಾ — of three kinds; ಭವತಿ — becomes; ಶ್ರದ್ಧಾ — the faith; ದೇಹಿನಾಮ್ — of the embodied; ಸಾ — that; ಸ್ವ-ಭಾವ-ಜಾ — according to his mode of material nature; ಸಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕೀ — in the mode of goodness; ರಾಜಸೀ — in the mode of passion; ಚ — also; ಏವ — certainly; ತಾಮಸೀ — in the mode of ignorance; ಚ — and; ಇತಿ — thus; ತಾಮ್ — that; ಶೃಣು — hear from Me.
Translation
Bhagavan Sri Krishna said: According to the modes of nature acquired by the embodied soul, one’s faith can be of three kinds – in goodness, in passion or in ignorance. Now hear about this.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಸತ್ತ್ವಾನುರೂಪಾ ಸರ್ವಸ್ಯ ಶ್ರದ್ಧಾ ಭವತಿ ಭಾರತ ।
ಶ್ರದ್ಧಾಮಯೋಽಯಂ ಪುರುಷೋ ಯೋ ಯಚ್ಛ್ರದ್ಧಃ ಸ ಏವ ಸಃ ॥ 3 ॥
Meaning
ಸತ್ತ್ವ-ಅನುರೂಪಾ — according to the existence; ಸರ್ವಸ್ಯ — of everyone; ಶ್ರದ್ಧಾ — faith; ಭವತಿ — becomes; ಭಾರತ — O son of Bharata; ಶ್ರದ್ಧಾ — faith; ಮಯಃ — full of; ಅಯಮ್ — this; ಪುರುಷಃ — living entity; ಯಃ — who; ಯತ್ — having which; ಶ್ರದ್ಧಃ — faith; ಸಃ — thus; ಏವ — certainly; ಸಃ — he.
Translation
O son of Bharata, according to one’s existence under the various modes of nature, one evolves a particular kind of faith. The living being is said to be of a particular faith according to the modes he has acquired.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಯಜನ್ತೇ ಸಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕಾ ದೇವಾನ್ಯಕ್ಷರಕ್ಷಾಂಸಿ ರಾಜಸಾಃ ।
ಪ್ರೇತಾನ್ಭೂತಗಣಾಂಶ್ಚಾನ್ಯೇ ಯಜನ್ತೇ ತಾಮಸಾ ಜನಾಃ ॥ 4 ॥
Meaning
ಯಜನ್ತೇ — worship; ಸಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕಾಃ — those who are in the mode of goodness; ದೇವಾನ್ — demigods; ಯಕ್ಷ-ರಕ್ಷಾಂಸಿ — demons; ರಾಜಸಾಃ — those who are in the mode of passion; ಪ್ರೇತಾನ್ — spirits of the dead; ಭೂತ-ಗಣಾನ್ — ghosts; ಚ — and; ಅನ್ಯೇ — others; ಯಜನ್ತೇ — worship; ತಾಮಸಾಃ — in the mode of ignorance; ಜನಾಃ — people.
Translation
Men in the mode of goodness worship the demigods; those in the mode of passion worship the demons; and those in the mode of ignorance worship ghosts and spirits.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಅಶಾಸ್ತ್ರವಿಹಿತಂ ಘೋರಂ ತಪ್ಯನ್ತೇ ಯೇ ತಪೋ ಜನಾಃ ।
ದಮ್ಭಾಹಙ್ಕಾರಸಂಯುಕ್ತಾಃ ಕಾಮರಾಗಬಲಾನ್ವಿತಾಃ ॥ 5 ॥
ಕರ್ಷಯನ್ತಃ ಶರೀರಸ್ಥಂ ಭೂತಗ್ರಾಮಮಚೇತಸಃ ।
ಮಾಂ ಚೈವಾನ್ತಃ ಶರೀರಸ್ಥಂ ತಾನ್ವಿದ್ಧ್ಯಾಸುರನಿಶ್ಚಯಾನ್ ॥ 6 ॥
Meaning
ಅಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ — not in the scriptures; ವಿಹಿತಮ್ — directed; ಘೋರಮ್ — harmful to others; ತಪ್ಯನ್ತೇ — undergo; ಯೇ — those who; ತಪಃ — austerities; ಜನಾಃ — persons; ದಮ್ಭ — with pride; ಅಹಙ್ಕಾರ — and egoism; ಸಂಯುಕ್ತಾಃ — engaged; ಕಾಮ — of lust; ರಾಗ — and attachment; ಬಲ — by the force; ಅನ್ವಿತಾಃ — impelled; ಕರ್ಷಯನ್ತಃ — tormenting; ಶರೀರ-ಸ್ಥಮ್ — situated within the body; ಭೂತ-ಗ್ರಾಮಮ್ — the combination of material elements; ಅಚೇತಸಃ — having a misled mentality; ಮಾಮ್ — Me; ಚ — also; ಏವ — certainly; ಅನ್ತಃ — within; ಶರೀರ-ಸ್ಥಮ್ — situated in the body; ತಾನ್ — them; ವಿದ್ಧಿ — understand; ಆಸುರ-ನಿಶ್ಚಯಾನ್ — demons.
Translation
Those who undergo severe austerities and penances not recommended in the scriptures, performing them out of pride and egoism, who are impelled by lust and attachment, who are foolish and who torture the material elements of the body as well as the Supersoul dwelling within, are to be known as demons.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಆಹಾರಸ್ತ್ವಪಿ ಸರ್ವಸ್ಯ ತ್ರಿವಿಧೋ ಭವತಿ ಪ್ರಿಯಃ ।
ಯಜ್ಞಸ್ತಪಸ್ತಥಾ ದಾನಂ ತೇಷಾಂ ಭೇದಮಿಮಂ ಶ‍ಋಣು ॥ 7 ॥
Meaning
ಆಹಾರಃ — eating; ತು — certainly; ಅಪಿ — also; ಸರ್ವಸ್ಯ — of everyone; ತ್ರಿ-ವಿಧಃ — of three kinds; ಭವತಿ — there is; ಪ್ರಿಯಃ — dear; ಯಜ್ಞಃ — sacrifice; ತಪಃ — austerity; ತಥಾ — also; ದಾನಮ್ — charity; ತೇಷಾಮ್ — of them; ಭೇದಮ್ — the differences; ಇಮಮ್ — this; ಶೃಣು — hear.
Translation
Even the food each person prefers is of three kinds, according to the three modes of material nature. The same is true of sacrifices, austerities and charity. Now hear of the distinctions between them.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಆಯುಃಸತ್ತ್ವಬಲಾರೋಗ್ಯಸುಖಪ್ರೀತಿವಿವರ್ಧನಾಃ ।
ರಸ್ಯಾಃ ಸ್ನಿಗ್ಧಾಃ ಸ್ಥಿರಾ ಹೃದ್ಯಾ ಆಹಾರಾಃ ಸಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕಪ್ರಿಯಾಃ ॥ 8 ॥
Meaning
ಆಯುಃ — duration of life; ಸತ್ತ್ವ — existence; ಬಲ — strength; ಆರೋಗ್ಯ — health; ಸುಖ — happiness; ಪ್ರೀತಿ — and satisfaction; ವಿವರ್ಧನಾಃ — increasing; ರಸ್ಯಾಃ — juicy; ಸ್ನಿಗ್ಧಾಃ — fatty; ಸ್ಥಿರಾಃ — enduring; ಹೃದ್ಯಾಃ — pleasing to the heart; ಆಹಾರಾಃ — food; ಸಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕ — to one in goodness; ಪ್ರಿಯಾಃ — palatable.
Translation
Foods dear to those in the mode of goodness increase the duration of life, purify one’s existence and give strength, health, happiness and satisfaction. Such foods are juicy, fatty, wholesome, and pleasing to the heart.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಕಟ್‌ವಮ್ಲಲವಣಾತ್ಯುಷ್ಣತೀಕ್ಷ್ಣರೂಕ್ಷವಿದಾಹಿನಃ ।
ಆಹಾರಾ ರಾಜಸಸ್ಯೇಷ್ಟಾ ದುಃಖಶೋಕಾಮಯಪ್ರದಾಃ ॥ 9 ॥
Meaning
ಕಟು — bitter; ಅಮ್ಲ — sour; ಲವಣ — salty; ಅತಿ-ಉಷ್ಣ — very hot; ತೀಕ್ಷ್ಣ — pungent; ರೂಕ್ಷ — dry; ವಿದಾಹಿನಃ — burning; ಆಹಾರಾಃ — food; ರಾಜಸಸ್ಯ — to one in the mode of passion; ಇಷ್ಟಾಃ — palatable; ದುಃಖ — distress; ಶೋಕ — misery; ಆಮಯ — disease; ಪ್ರದಾಃ — causing.
Translation
Foods that are too bitter, too sour, salty, hot, pungent, dry and burning are dear to those in the mode of passion. Such foods cause distress, misery and disease.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಯಾತಯಾಮಂ ಗತರಸಂ ಪೂತಿ ಪರ್ಯುಷಿತಂ ಚ ಯತ್ ।
ಉಚ್ಛಿಷ್ಟಮಪಿ ಚಾಮೇಧ್ಯಂ ಭೋಜನಂ ತಾಮಸಪ್ರಿಯಮ್ ॥ 10 ॥
Meaning
ಯಾತ-ಯಾಮಮ್ — food cooked three hours before being eaten; ಗತ-ರಸಮ್ — tasteless; ಪೂತಿ — bad-smelling; ಪರ್ಯುಷಿತಮ್ — decomposed; ಚ — also; ಯತ್ — that which; ಉಚ್ಚಿಷ್ಟಮ್ — remnants of food eaten by others; ಅಪಿ — also; ಚ — and; ಅಮೇಧ್ಯಮ್ — untouchable; ಭೋಜನಮ್ — eating; ತಾಮಸ — to one in the mode of darkness; ಪ್ರಿಯಮ್ — dear.
Translation
Food prepared more than three hours before being eaten, food that is tasteless, decomposed and putrid, and food consisting of remnants and untouchable things is dear to those in the mode of darkness.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಅಫಲಾಕಾಙ್‌‍ಕ್ಷಿಭಿರ್ಯಜ್ಞೋ ವಿಧಿದಿಷ್ಟೋ ಯ ಇಜ್ಯತೇ ।
ಯಷ್ಟವ್ಯಮೇವೇತಿ ಮನಃ ಸಮಾಧಾಯ ಸ ಸಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕಃ ॥ 11 ॥
Meaning
ಅಫಲ-ಆಕಾಙ್ಕ್ಷಿಭಿಃ — by those devoid of desire for result; ಯಜ್ಞಃ — sacrifice; ವಿಧಿ-ದಿಷ್ಟಃ — according to the direction of scripture; ಯಃ — which; ಇಜ್ಯತೇ — is performed; ಯಷ್ಟವ್ಯಮ್ — must be performed; ಏವ — certainly; ಇತಿ — thus; ಮನಃ — mind; ಸಮಾಧಾಯ — fixing; ಸಃ — it; ಸಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕಃ — in the mode of goodness.
Translation
Of sacrifices, the sacrifice performed according to the directions of scripture, as a matter of duty, by those who desire no reward, is of the nature of goodness.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಅಭಿಸನ್ಧಾಯ ತು ಫಲಂ ದಮ್ಭಾರ್ಥಮಪಿ ಚೈವ ಯತ್ ।
ಇಜ್ಯತೇ ಭರತಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠ ತಂ ಯಜ್ಞಂ ವಿದ್ಧಿ ರಾಜಸಮ್ ॥ 12 ॥
Meaning
ಅಭಿಸನ್ಧಾಯ — desiring; ತು — but; ಫಲಮ್ — the result; ದಮ್ಭ — pride; ಅರ್ಥಮ್ — for the sake of; ಅಪಿ — also; ಚ — and; ಏವ — certainly; ಯತ್ — that which; ಇಜ್ಯತೇ — is performed; ಭರತ-ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠ — O chief of the Bhāratas; ತಮ್ — that; ಯಜ್ಞಮ್ — sacrifice; ವಿದ್ಧಿ — know; ರಾಜಸಮ್ — in the mode of passion.
Translation
But the sacrifice performed for some material benefit, or for the sake of pride, O chief of the Bhāratas, you should know to be in the mode of passion.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ವಿಧಿಹೀನಮಸೃಷ್ಟಾನ್ನಂ ಮನ್‍ತ್ರಹೀನಮದಕ್ಷಿಣಮ್ ।
ಶ್ರದ್ಧಾವಿರಹಿತಂ ಯಜ್ಞಂ ತಾಮಸಂ ಪರಿಚಕ್ಷತೇ ॥ 13 ॥
Meaning
ವಿಧಿ-ಹೀನಮ್ — without scriptural direction; ಅಸೃಷ್ಟ-ಅನ್ನಮ್ — without distribution of prasādam; ಮನ್ತ್ರ-ಹೀನಮ್ — with no chanting of the Vedic hymns; ಅದಕ್ಷಿಣಮ್ — with no remunerations to the priests; ಶ್ರದ್ಧಾ — faith; ವಿರಹಿತಮ್ — without; ಯಜ್ಞಮ್ — sacrifice; ತಾಮಸಮ್ — in the mode of ignorance; ಪರಿಚಕ್ಷತೇ — is to be considered.
Translation
Any sacrifice performed without regard for the directions of scripture, without distribution of prasādam [spiritual food], without chanting of Vedic hymns and remunerations to the priests, and without faith is considered to be in the mode of ignorance.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ದೇವದ್ವಿಜಗುರುಪ್ರಾಜ್ಞಪೂಜನಂ ಶೌಚಮಾರ್ಜವಮ್ ।
ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಚರ್ಯಮಹಿಂಸಾ ಚ ಶಾರೀರಂ ತಪ ಉಚ್ಯತೇ ॥ 14 ॥
Meaning
ದೇವ — of the Supreme Lord; ದ್ವಿಜ — the brāhmaṇas; ಗುರು — the spiritual master; ಪ್ರಾಜ್ಞ — and worshipable personalities; ಪೂಜನಮ್ — worship; ಶೌಚಮ್ — cleanliness; ಆರ್ಜವಮ್ — simplicity; ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಚರ್ಯಮ್ — celibacy; ಅಹಿಂಸಾ — nonviolence; ಚ — also; ಶಾರೀರಮ್ — pertaining to the body; ತಪಃ — austerity; ಉಚ್ಯತೇ — is said to be.
Translation
Austerity of the body consists in worship of the Supreme Lord, the brāhmaṇas, the spiritual master, and superiors like the father and mother, and in cleanliness, simplicity, celibacy and nonviolence.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಅನುದ್ವೇಗಕರಂ ವಾಕ್ಯಂ ಸತ್ಯಂ ಪ್ರಿಯಹಿತಂ ಚ ಯತ್ ।
ಸ್ವಾಧ್ಯಾಯಾಭ್ಯಸನಂ ಚೈವ ವಾಙ್‍ಮಯಂ ತಪ ಉಚ್ಯತೇ ॥ 15 ॥
Meaning
ಅನುದ್ವೇಗ-ಕರಮ್ — not agitating; ವಾಕ್ಯಮ್ — words; ಸತ್ಯಮ್ — truthful; ಪ್ರಿಯ — dear; ಹಿತಮ್ — beneficial; ಚ — also; ಯತ್ — which; ಸ್ವಾಧ್ಯಾಯ — of Vedic study; ಅಭ್ಯಸನಮ್ — practice; ಚ — also; ಏವ — certainly; ವಾಕ್-ಮಯಮ್ — of the voice; ತಪಃ — austerity; ಉಚ್ಯತೇ — is said to be.
Translation
Austerity of speech consists in speaking words that are truthful, pleasing, beneficial, and not agitating to others, and also in regularly reciting Vedic literature.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಮನಃಪ್ರಸಾದಃ ಸೌಮ್ಯತ್ವಂ ಮೌನಮಾತ್ಮವಿನಿಗ್ರಹಃ ।
ಭಾವಸಂಶ‍ಉದ್ಧಿರಿತ್ಯೇತತ್ತಪೋ ಮಾನಸಮುಚ್ಯತೇ ॥ 16 ॥
Meaning
ಮನಃ-ಪ್ರಸಾದಃ — satisfaction of the mind; ಸೌಮ್ಯತ್ವಮ್ — being without duplicity towards others; ಮೌನಮ್ — gravity; ಆತ್ಮ — of the self; ವಿನಿಗ್ರಹಃ — control; ಭಾವ — of one’s nature; ಸಂಶುದ್ಧಿಃ — purification; ಇತಿ — thus; ಏತತ್ — this; ತಪಃ — austerity; ಮಾನಸಮ್ — of the mind; ಉಚ್ಯತೇ — is said to be.
Translation
And satisfaction, simplicity, gravity, self-control and purification of one’s existence are the austerities of the mind.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಶ್ರದ್ಧಯಾ ಪರಯಾ ತಪ್‍ತಂ ತಪಸ್ತತ್‍ತ್ರಿವಿಧಂ ನರೈಃ ।
ಅಫಲಾಕಾಙ್‌‍ಕ್ಷಿಭಿರ್ಯುಕ್ತೈಃ ಸಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕಂ ಪರಿಚಕ್ಷತೇ ॥ 17 ॥
Meaning
ಶ್ರದ್ಧಯಾ — with faith; ಪರಯಾ — transcendental; ತಪ್ತಮ್ — executed; ತಪಃ — austerity; ತತ್ — that; ತ್ರಿ-ವಿಧಮ್ — of three kinds; ನರೈಃ — by men; ಅಫಲ-ಆಕಾಙ್ಕ್ಷಿಭಿಃ — who are without desires for fruits; ಯುಕ್ತೈಃ — engaged; ಸಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕಮ್ — in the mode of goodness; ಪರಿಚಕ್ಷತೇ — is called.
Translation
This threefold austerity, performed with transcendental faith by men not expecting material benefits but engaged only for the sake of the Supreme, is called austerity in goodness.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಸತ್ಕಾರಮಾನಪೂಜಾರ್ಥಂ ತಪೋ ದಮ್ಭೇನ ಚೈವ ಯತ್ ।
ಕ್ರಿಯತೇ ತದಿಹ ಪ್ರೋಕ್ತಂ ರಾಜಸಂ ಚಲಮಧ್ರುವಮ್ ॥ 18 ॥
Meaning
ಸತ್-ಕಾರ — respect; ಮಾನ — honor; ಪೂಜಾ — and worship; ಅರ್ಥಮ್ — for the sake of; ತಪಃ — austerity; ದಮ್ಭೇನ — with pride; ಚ — also; ಏವ — certainly; ಯತ್ — which; ಕ್ರಿಯತೇ — is performed; ತತ್ — that; ಇಹ — in this world; ಪ್ರೋಕ್ತಮ್ — is said; ರಾಜಸಮ್ — in the mode of passion; ಚಲಮ್ — flickering; ಅಧ್ರುವಮ್ — temporary.
Translation
Penance performed out of pride and for the sake of gaining respect, honor and worship is said to be in the mode of passion. It is neither stable nor permanent.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಮೂಢಗ್ರಾಹೇಣಾತ್ಮನೋ ಯತ್ಪೀಡಯಾ ಕ್ರಿಯತೇ ತಪಃ ।
ಪರಸ್ಯೋತ್ಸಾದನಾರ್ಥಂ ವಾ ತತ್ತಾಮಸಮುದಾಹೃತಮ್ ॥ 19 ॥
Meaning
ಮೂಢ — foolish; ಗ್ರಾಹೇಣ — with endeavor; ಆತ್ಮನಃ — of one’s own self; ಯತ್ — which; ಪೀಡಯಾ — by torture; ಕ್ರಿಯತೇ — is performed; ತಪಃ — penance; ಪರಸ್ಯ — to others; ಉತ್ಸಾದನ-ಅರ್ಥಮ್ — for the sake of causing annihilation; ವಾ — or; ತತ್ — that; ತಾಮಸಮ್ — in the mode of darkness; ಉದಾಹೃತಮ್ — is said to be.
Translation
Penance performed out of foolishness, with self-torture or to destroy or injure others, is said to be in the mode of ignorance.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ದಾತವ್ಯಮಿತಿ ಯದ್ದಾನಂ ದೀಯತೇಽನುಪಕಾರಿಣೇ ।
ದೇಶೇ ಕಾಲೇ ಚ ಪಾತ್ರೇ ಚ ತದ್ದಾನಂ ಸಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕಂ ಸ್ಮೃತಮ್ ॥ 20 ॥
Meaning
ದಾತವ್ಯಮ್ — worth giving; ಇತಿ — thus; ಯತ್ — that which; ದಾನಮ್ — charity; ದೀಯತೇ — is given; ಅನುಪಕಾರಿಣೇ — irrespective of return; ದೇಶೇ — in a proper place; ಕಾಲೇ — at a proper time; ಚ — also; ಪಾತ್ರೇ — to a suitable person; ಚ — and; ತತ್ — that; ದಾನಮ್ — charity; ಸಾತ್ತ್ವಿಕಮ್ — in the mode of goodness; ಸ್ಮೃತಮ್ — is considered.
Translation
Charity given out of duty, without expectation of return, at the proper time and place, and to a worthy person is considered to be in the mode of goodness.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಯತ್ತು ಪ್ರತ್ಯುಪಕಾರಾರ್ಥಂ ಫಲಮುದ್ದಿಶ್ಯ ವಾ ಪುನಃ ।
ದೀಯತೇ ಚ ಪರಿಕ್ಲ‍ಇ‍ಷ್ಟಂ ತದ್ದಾನಂ ರಾಜಸಂ ಸ್ಮೃತಮ್ ॥ 21 ॥
Meaning
ಯತ್ — that which; ತು — but; ಪ್ರತಿ-ಉಪಕಾರ-ಅರ್ಥಮ್ — for the sake of getting some return; ಫಲಮ್ — a result; ಉದ್ದಿಶ್ಯ — desiring; ವಾ — or; ಪುನಃ — again; ದೀಯತೇ — is given; ಚ — also; ಪರಿಕ್ಲಿಷ್ಟಮ್ — grudgingly; ತತ್ — that; ದಾನಮ್ — charity; ರಾಜಸಮ್ — in the mode of passion; ಸ್ಮೃತಮ್ — is understood to be.
Translation
But charity performed with the expectation of some return, or with a desire for fruitive results, or in a grudging mood is said to be charity in the mode of passion.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಅದೇಶಕಾಲೇ ಯದ್ದಾನಮಪಾತ್ರೇಭ್ಯಶ್ಚ ದೀಯತೇ ।
ಅಸತ್ಕೃತಮವಜ್ಞಾತಂ ತತ್ತಾಮಸಮುದಾಹೃತಮ್ ॥ 22 ॥
Meaning
ಅದೇಶ — at an unpurified place; ಕಾಲೇ — and unpurified time; ಯತ್ — that which; ದಾನಮ್ — charity; ಅಪಾತ್ರೇಭ್ಯಃ — to unworthy persons; ಚ — also; ದೀಯತೇ — is given; ಅಸತ್-ಕೃತಮ್ — without respect; ಅವಜ್ಞಾತಮ್ — without proper attention; ತತ್ — that; ತಾಮಸಮ್ — in the mode of darkness; ಉದಾಹೃತಮ್ — is said to be.
Translation
And charity performed at an impure place, at an improper time, to unworthy persons, or without proper attention and respect is said to be in the mode of ignorance.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಓಂ ತತ್ಸದಿತಿ ನಿರ್ದೇಶೋ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಣಸ್ತ್ರಿವಿಧಃ ಸ್ಮೃತಃ ।
ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣಾಸ್ತೇನ ವೇದಾಶ್ಚ ಯಜ್ಞಾಶ್ಚ ವಿಹಿತಾಃ ಪುರಾ ॥ 23 ॥
Meaning
ಓಂ — indication of the Supreme; ತತ್ — that; ಸತ್ — eternal; ಇತಿ — thus; ನಿರ್ದೇಶಃ — indication; ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಣಃ — of the Supreme; ತ್ರಿ-ವಿಧಃ — threefold; ಸ್ಮೃತಃ — is considered; ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣಾಃ — the brāhmaṇas; ತೇನ — with that; ವೇದಾಃ — the Vedic literature; ಚ — also; ಯಜ್ಞಾಃ — sacrifice; ಚ — also; ವಿಹಿತಾಃ — used; ಪುರಾ — formerly.
Translation
From the beginning of creation, the three words oM tat sat were used to indicate the Supreme Absolute Truth. These three symbolic representations were used by brāhmaṇas while chanting the hymns of the Vedas and during sacrifices for the satisfaction of the Supreme.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ತಸ್ಮಾದ್ ಓಂ ಇತ್ಯುದಾಹೃತ್ಯ ಯಜ್ಞದಾನತಪಃಕ್ರಿಯಾಃ ।
ಪ್ರವರ್ತನ್ತೇ ವಿಧಾನೋಕ್ತಾಃ ಸತತಂ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮವಾದಿನಾಮ್ ॥ 24 ॥
Meaning
ತಸ್ಮಾತ್ — therefore; ಓಂ — beginning with oM; ಇತಿ — thus; ಉದಾಹೃತ್ಯ — indicating; ಯಜ್ಞ — of sacrifice; ದಾನ — charity; ತಪಃ — and penance; ಕ್ರಿಯಾಃ — performances; ಪ್ರವರ್ತನ್ತೇ — begin; ವಿಧಾನ-ಉಕ್ತಾಃ — according to scriptural regulation; ಸತತಮ್ — always; ಬ್ರಹ್ಮ-ವಾದಿನಾಮ್ — of the transcendentalists.
Translation
Therefore, transcendentalists undertaking performances of sacrifice, charity and penance in accordance with scriptural regulations begin always with oM, to attain the Supreme.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ತದಿತ್ಯನಭಿಸನ್ಧಾಯ ಫಲಂ ಯಜ್ಞತಪಃಕ್ರಿಯಾಃ ।
ದಾನಕ್ರಿಯಾಶ್ಚ ವಿವಿಧಾಃ ಕ್ರಿಯನ್ತೇ ಮೋಕ್ಷಕಾಙ್‌‍ಕ್ಷಿಭಿಃ ॥ 25 ॥
Meaning
ತತ್ — that; ಇತಿ — thus; ಅನಭಿಸನ್ಧಾಯ — without desiring; ಫಲಮ್ — the fruitive result; ಯಜ್ಞ — of sacrifice; ತಪಃ — and penance; ಕ್ರಿಯಾಃ — activities; ದಾನ — of charity; ಕ್ರಿಯಾಃ — activities; ಚ — also; ವಿವಿಧಾಃ — various; ಕ್ರಿಯನ್ತೇ — are done; ಮೋಕ್ಷ-ಕಾಙ್ಕ್ಷಿಭಿಃ — by those who actually desire liberation.
Translation
Without desiring fruitive results, one should perform various kinds of sacrifice, penance and charity with the word tat. The purpose of such transcendental activities is to get free from material entanglement.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಸದ್ಭ‍ಆವೇ ಸಾಧುಭಾವೇ ಚ ಸದಿತ್ಯೇತತ್ಪ್ರಯುಜ್ಯತೇ ।
ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತೇ ಕರ್ಮಣಿ ತಥಾ ಸಚ್ಛಬ್ದಃ ಪಾರ್ಥ ಯುಜ್ಯತೇ ॥ 26 ॥
ಯಜ್ಞೇ ತಪಸಿ ದಾನೇ ಚ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಃ ಸದಿತಿ ಚೋಚ್ಯತೇ ।
ಕರ್ಮ ಚೈವ ತದರ್ಥೀಯಂ ಸದಿತ್ಯೇವಾಭಿಧೀಯತೇ ॥ 27 ॥
Meaning
ಸತ್-ಭಾವೇ — in the sense of the nature of the Supreme; ಸಾಧು-ಭಾವೇ — in the sense of the nature of the devotee; ಚ — also; ಸತ್ — the word sat; ಇತಿ — thus; ಏತತ್ — this; ಪ್ರಯುಜ್ಯತೇ — is used; ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತೇ — in bona fide; ಕರ್ಮಣಿ — activities; ತಥಾ — also; ಸತ್-ಶಬ್ದಃ — the sound sat; ಪಾರ್ಥ — O son of Prithā; ಯುಜ್ಯತೇ — is used; ಯಜ್ಞೇ — in sacrifice; ತಪಸಿ — in penance; ದಾನೇ — in charity; ಚ — also; ಸ್ಥಿತಿಃ — the situation; ಸತ್ — the Supreme; ಇತಿ — thus; ಚ — and; ಉಚ್ಯತೇ — is pronounced; ಕರ್ಮ — work; ಚ — also; ಏವ — certainly; ತತ್ — for that; ಅರ್ಥೀಯಮ್ — meant; ಸತ್ — the Supreme; ಇತಿ — thus; ಏವ — certainly; ಅಭಿಧೀಯತೇ — is indicated.
Translation
The Absolute Truth is the objective of devotional sacrifice, and it is indicated by the word sat. The performer of such sacrifice is also called sat, as are all works of sacrifice, penance and charity which, true to the absolute nature, are performed to please the Supreme Person, O son of Prithā.
ಶ್ಲೋಕಃ
ಅಶ್ರದ್ಧಯಾ ಹುತಂ ದತ್ತಂ ತಪಸ್ತಪ್‍ತಂ ಕೃತಂ ಚ ಯತ್ ।
ಅಸದಿತ್ಯುಚ್ಯತೇ ಪಾರ್ಥ ನ ಚ ತತ್ಪ್ರೇತ್ಯ ನೋ ಇಹ ॥ 28 ॥
Meaning
ಅಶ್ರದ್ಧಯಾ — without faith; ಹುತಮ್ — offered in sacrifice; ದತ್ತಮ್ — given; ತಪಃ — penance; ತಪ್ತಮ್ — executed; ಕೃತಮ್ — performed; ಚ — also; ಯತ್ — that which; ಅಸತ್ — false; ಇತಿ — thus; ಉಚ್ಯತೇ — is said to be; ಪಾರ್ಥ — O son of Prithā; ನ — never; ಚ — also; ತತ್ — that; ಪ್ರೇತ್ಯ — after death; ನ ಉ — nor; ಇಹ — in this life.
Translation
Anything done as sacrifice, charity or penance without faith in the Supreme, O son of Prithā, is impermanent. It is called asat and is useless both in this life and the next.
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