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This document is in romanized sanskrit according to IAST standard.

Sri Rudram Namakam

śrī rudram, also called the rudra-praśnaḥ, is one of the most revered hymns of the kṛṣṇa yajurvēda, found in the taittirīya saṃhita (4.5). It is a Vedic salutation to rudra - the power that can appear fearsome as the remover of ignorance and obstacles, and compassionate as the healer who restores harmony.

The recitation traditionally has two parts: namakam (the section centered on repeated namaḥ - "salutations / surrender") and chamakam (the section centered on cha mē - "and to me"). Read together, they move from humility and appeasement, to praise of rudra in every direction and form, to prayer for wellbeing, inner strength, and a complete, well-ordered life.

Meanings help the mind participate, but Vedic chanting is best learned from a teacher so the svara, pace, and pauses are correct. Even when you are only reading, go slowly and let the repeated namaḥ cultivate humility, steadiness, and the ability to respond (not react) in difficult situations.

Anuvaka 1


kṛṣṇa yajurvēdīya taittirīya saṃhitā
chaturthaṃ vaiśvadēva-ṅkāṇḍa-mpañchamaḥ prapāṭhakaḥ


ō-nnamō bhagavatē̍ rudrā̠ya ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
ōṃ - auspicious syllable; a reverential opening
namō - salutation; surrender
bhagavatē - to the blessed Lord
rudrāya - to rudra

Translation (bhāvārtha):
Om. Salutations to the blessed Lord Rudra.


nama̍stē rudra ma̠nyava̍ u̠tōta̠ iṣa̍vē̠ nama̍ḥ ।
nama̍stē astu̠ dhanva̍nē bā̠hubhyā̍mu̠ta tē̠ nama̍ḥ ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
namaḥ tē - salutations to you
rudra - O rudra
manyavē - to manyu (fierce force; wrathful power)
iṣavē - to the arrow
dhanvanē - to the bow
bāhubhyām - to the two arms
uta / uta u - and; also

Translation (bhāvārtha):
O Rudra, salutations to your fierce power and to your arrow; salutations to your bow and to your two arms.


yā ta̠ iṣu̍-śśi̠vata̍mā śi̠va-mba̠bhūva̍ tē̠ dhanu̍ḥ ।
śi̠vā śa̍ra̠vyā̍ yā tava̠ tayā̍ nō rudra mṛḍaya ।

Meaning (padārtha):
iṣuḥ - arrow (projectile power)
śivātamā - most auspicious; most benevolent
dhanuḥ - bow
śaravyā - quiver
mṛḍaya - be gracious; make us well

Translation (bhāvārtha):
May your arrow, bow, and quiver become auspicious and benevolent; with that, O Rudra, be gracious to us.


yā tē̍ rudra śi̠vā ta̠nūraghō̠rā-'pā̍pakāśinī ।
tayā̍ nasta̠nuvā̠ śanta̍mayā̠ giri̍śantā̠bhichā̍kaśīhi ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
śi@vā tanūḥ - auspicious form
aghōrā - not terrible; non-harmful
apāpakāśinī - revealing purity; removing sin/impurity
śantamayā - most peaceful
giriśa - Lord of the mountains
abhi chakṣīhi - look upon; behold; bless with your glance

Translation (bhāvārtha):
O Rudra, with your peaceful, non-harmful, purifying form, look upon us graciously, O Lord of the mountains.


yāmiṣu̍-ṅgiriśanta̠ hastē̠ bibha̠r​ṣyasta̍vē ।
śi̠vā-ṅgi̍ritra̠ tā-ṅku̍ru̠ mā hig̍ṃsī̠ḥ puru̍ṣa̠-ñjaga̍t॥

Meaning (padārtha):
iṣum - the arrow
hastē - in (your) hand
girītra - the mountain-roamer; Lord of the mountains
kurū - make (it)
mā hiṃsīḥ - do not harm
puruṣam - people
jagat - the moving world

Translation (bhāvārtha):
O mountain-roamer, make the arrow in your hand auspicious; do not harm people or the world.


śi̠vēna̠ vacha̍sā tvā̠ giri̠śāchChā̍ vadāmasi ।
yathā̍ na̠-ssarva̠mijjaga̍daya̠kṣmagṃ su̠manā̠ asa̍t ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
śivēna vachasā - with auspicious, healing words
vada - we speak/pray
ayakṣmam - free from disease/affliction
sumanaḥ - good-minded; well-disposed; cheerful and steady

Translation (bhāvārtha):
O Lord of the mountains, we pray to you with auspicious words; may this whole world be free of affliction and may our hearts be well-disposed.


adhya̍vōchadadhiva̠ktā pra̍tha̠mō daivyō̍ bhi̠ṣak ।
ahīg̍ścha̠ sarvā̎mja̠mbhaya̠n-thsarvā̎ścha yātudhā̠nya̍ḥ ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
adhivaktā - supreme speaker/advocate (one who speaks for us)
prathamaḥ - foremost
daivyaḥ bhiṣak - divine physician (healer)
ahīḥ - serpents/poisons (outer and inner)
yātudhānyāḥ - cruel, destructive forces/impulses

Translation (bhāvārtha):
May the foremost divine healer speak on our behalf and subdue all poisons and destructive forces.


a̠sau yastā̠mrō a̍ru̠ṇa u̠ta ba̠bhrussu̍ma̠ṅgala̍ḥ ।
yē chē̠māgṃ ru̠drā a̠bhitō̍ di̠kṣu śri̠tā-ssa̍hasra̠śō-'vai̍ṣā̠gṃ̠ hēḍa̍ īmahē ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
tāmra, aruṇa, babhru - coppery/red/brown hues (many appearances)
sumangalaḥ - auspicious
dikhṣu - in the directions
rudrāḥ - forms/hosts of Rudra
hēḍaḥ - anger; fierce intensity

Translation (bhāvārtha):
To the auspicious Rudra who appears in many hues, and to the Rudras established in all directions, we offer salutations to soften their fierce intensity.


a̠sau yō̍-'va̠sarpa̍ti̠ nīla̍grīvō̠ vilō̍hitaḥ ।
u̠taina̍-ṅgō̠pā a̍dṛśa̠nnadṛ̍śannudahā̠rya̍ḥ ।

Meaning (padārtha):
nīlagrīva - blue-necked
vilōhita - ruddy/red-hued
vasarpati - moves about; pervades
gōpāḥ - cowherds
udahāryāḥ - those who draw/carry water

Translation (bhāvārtha):
That blue-necked, red-hued Rudra who moves about is seen by cowherds and by those who draw water.


u̠taina̠ṃ viśvā̍ bhū̠tāni̠ sa dṛ̠ṣṭō mṛ̍ḍayāti naḥ ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
viśvā bhūtāni - all beings
dṛṣṭaḥ - being seen; perceived
mṛḍayāti - becomes gracious; blesses

Translation (bhāvārtha):
All beings see him; may he, being perceived everywhere, be gracious to us.


namō̍ astu̠ nīla̍grīvāya sahasrā̠kṣāya̍ mī̠ḍhuṣē̎ ।
athō̠ yē a̍sya̠ satvā̍nō̠-'ha-ntēbhyō̍-'kara̠nnama̍ḥ ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
namō astu - salutations be
nīlagrīvāya - to the blue-necked one
sahasrākṣāya - to the thousand-eyed one (all-seeing)
mīḍhuṣē - bountiful; generous
satvānaḥ - attendants/hosts; embodied forms

Translation (bhāvārtha):
Salutations to the blue-necked, thousand-eyed, bountiful Lord - and to all his attendant forms.


pramu̍ñcha̠ dhanva̍na̠stvamu̠bhayō̠rārtni̍ yō̠rjyām ।
yāścha̍ tē̠ hasta̠ iṣa̍va̠ḥ parā̠ tā bha̍gavō vapa ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
pramuñcha - loosen; release
jyaṃ - bowstring
ubhayōḥ - on both sides
hasta - hand
iṣavaḥ - arrows
parā - away; aside
vapa - cast off; set aside

Translation (bhāvārtha):
Loosen your bowstring from both ends, and set aside the arrows in your hand, O Lord.


a̠va̠tatya̠ dhanu̠stvagṃ saha̍srākṣa̠ śatē̍ṣudhē ।
ni̠śīrya̍ śa̠lyānā̠-mmukhā̍ śi̠vō na̍-ssu̠manā̍ bhava ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
dhanus - bow
sahasrākṣa - thousand-eyed one
śatēṣudhē - hundred-quivered one
śa@lyānāṃ mukhāḥ - the sharp arrow-points
śi@vaḥ - auspicious; benevolent
sumanaḥ - kindly disposed

Translation (bhāvārtha):
Unstring the bow, blunt the arrow-points, and be benevolent and kindly disposed toward us.


vijya̠-ndhanu̍ḥ kapa̠rdinō̠ viśa̍lyō̠ bāṇa̍vāgṃ u̠ta ।
anē̍śanna̠syēṣa̍va ā̠bhura̍sya niṣa̠ṅgathi̍ḥ ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
kapaṛdin - the matted-haired Lord
vijyam - without bowstring
viśalyam - without sharp points/bolts (non-harmful)
niṣaṅgatih - quiver/arrow-holder
aśavaḥ - arrows

Translation (bhāvārtha):
May the bow of the matted-haired Lord be unstrung, the arrows harmless, and the quiver non-threatening.


yā tē̍ hē̠tirmī̍ḍuṣṭama̠ hastē̍ ba̠bhūva̍ tē̠ dhanu̍ḥ ।
tayā̠-'smān, vi̠śvata̠stvama̍ya̠kṣmayā̠ pari̍bbhuja ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
hētiḥ - weapon; missile-power
mīḍhuṣṭama - most bountiful one
dhanus - bow
visvataḥ - on all sides
ayakṣmayā - free from disease/affliction
pari-bbhuja - encircle and protect

Translation (bhāvārtha):
With that weapon-power and bow in your hand, protect us on all sides and keep us free from affliction.


nama̍stē a̠stvāyu̍dhā̠yānā̍tatāya dhṛ̠ṣṇavē̎ ।
u̠bhābhyā̍mu̠ta tē̠ namō̍ bā̠hubhyā̠-ntava̠ dhanva̍nē ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
namas tē - salutations to you
āyudhāya - to the weapon
ānatatāya - made ready; stretched
dhṛṣṇavē - to the strong one
bāhubhyām - to the two arms
dhanvanē - to the bow

Translation (bhāvārtha):
Salutations to your readied weapon, to your strong arms, and to your bow.


pari̍ tē̠ dhanva̍nō hē̠tira̠smān vṛ̍ṇaktu vi̠śvata̍ḥ ।
athō̠ ya i̍ṣu̠dhistavā̠rē a̠smannidhē̍hi̠ tam ॥ 1 ॥

Meaning (padārtha):
hētiḥ - missile-power (from the bow)
vṛṇaktu - may it turn away; pass around; protect
visvataḥ - on every side
iṣudhiḥ - quiver
nidhēhi - place; keep
arē - far away

Translation (bhāvārtha):
May the missile-power of your bow not strike us but turn away on all sides; place your quiver far away from us. (End of Anuvaka 1.)

Commentary (anusandhāna):
The opening anuvaka begins with an honest spiritual psychology: before asking for comfort, we first acknowledge the reality of power. rudra is addressed along with manyu (wrath) and the instruments of harm (iṣu, dhanuḥ, bāhu). But the prayer is not fear-mongering; it is transformation. The repeated request is that the same force become śiva - benevolent, healing, and protective. Notice how the hymn does not deny intensity; it asks intensity to become auspicious and guided by dharma.

The mantra calls Rudra the daivyaḥ bhiṣak, the divine physician. This is a deep Vedic idea: the Highest is not only the creator of the world's laws, but also the healer of what goes wrong in us - disease, fear, poison, and the "inner demons" of rage, cruelty, and confusion. The later prayer mṛtyuḥ mē pāhi ("protect me from death") echoes the Upanishadic longing to move from death to immortality - not as a denial of the body's limits, but as a turn toward the deathless awareness that steadies the mind even when life is uncertain.

In daily life, this anuvaka can be practiced as "turning manyu into śiva." When anger rises at home or work, first do what the mantra does: acknowledge it, don't pretend it isn't there. Then do what it asks: loosen the bowstring - pause before speaking, remove the "arrow" of a cutting message, and choose śivēna vachasā (kind, healing words). A simple exercise: before replying to a triggering message, take 10 slow breaths, repeat namaḥ mentally, and ask, "Can this same energy protect and repair instead of injure?"

The bhagavadgītā names the danger of unexamined anger: krōdhāt bhavati sammōhaḥ - it clouds discernment. Sri Rudram gives a practical counter-move: turn the "arrow" into vigilance and let namaḥ cool the urge to strike. The Upanishadic prayer mṛityōr mā amṛtaṃ gamaya is not only about the end of the body; it is also about outgrowing the small "deaths" of fear, shame, and reactive living. When manyu is offered into awareness, it becomes courage and protection, not harm.

Anuvaka 2
śrī śambha̍vē̠ nama̍ḥ ॥
Meaning (padārtha): śrī - SrI (Vedic term); śambhavē - to the auspicious one; namaḥ - salutations
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the auspicious, wellbeing-giving rudra.

nama̍stē astu bhagavan-viśvēśva̠rāya̍ mahādē̠vāya̍ tryamba̠kāya̍ tripurānta̠kāya̍ trikāgnikā̠lāya̍ kālāgniru̠drāya̍ nīlaka̠ṇṭhāya̍ mṛtyuñja̠yāya̍ sarvēśva̠rāya̍ sadāśi̠vāya̍ [śaṅka̠rāya̍] śrīma-nmahādē̠vāya̠ nama̍ḥ ।
Meaning (padārtha): namastē - salutations to you; astu - let it be; bhagavan - O blessed Lord; viśvēśvarāya - Lord of the universe; mahādēvāya - mahaadEvaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): O blessed Lord: salutations to you as viSvESvara, mahAdEva, tryambaka, tripurAntaka, kAla-agnirudra, nIlakaNTha, mRutyunjaya, sarvESvara, and sadASiva.

namō̠ hira̍ṇya bāhavē sēnā̠nyē̍ di̠śā-ñcha̠ pata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; hiraṇya - gold, metal/iron; bāhavē - baahavE (Vedic term); sēnānyē - sEnaanyE (Vedic term); diśāṃ - diSaaM (object-form term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the golden-armed commander and Lord of the directions.

namō̍ vṛ̠kṣēbhyō̠ hari̍kēśēbhyaḥ paśū̠nā-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; vṛkṣēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); harikēśēbhyaḥ - to these forms/aspects (plural); paśūnāṃ - paSoonaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the Lord in trees, to the "green/tawny-haired" one, and to the Lord of animals.

nama̍-ssa̠spiñja̍rāya̠ tviṣī̍matē pathī̠nā-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; saspiñjarāya - saspiMjaraaya (Vedic term); tviṣīmatē - tviSheematE (Vedic term); pathīnāṃ - patheenaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the radiant, tawny one, the guardian and Lord of travellers and paths.

namō̍ babhlu̠śāya̍ vivyā̠dhinē-'nnā̍nā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; babhluśāya - babhluSaaya (Vedic term); vivyādhinē - vivyaadhinE (Vedic term); nnānāṃ - nnaanaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the brown-hued hunter - even to the Lord who governs those who live by stealing, so that chaos is contained and corrected.

namō̠ hari̍kēśāyōpavī̠tinē̍ pu̠ṣṭānā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; harikēśāyōpavītinē - harikESaayOpaveetinE (Vedic term); puṣṭānāṃ - puShTaanaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the tawny-haired one wearing the sacred thread, the Lord of the well-nourished and the thriving.

namō̍ bha̠vasya̍ hē̠tyai jaga̍tā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; bhavasya - bhavasya (Vedic term); hētyai - hEtyai (Vedic term); jagatāṃ - jagataaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the weapon/power of bhava, and to the Lord of the worlds.

namō̍ ru̠drāyā̍tatā̠vinē̠ kṣētrā̍ṇā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; rudrāyātatāvinē - rudraayaatataavinE (Vedic term); kṣētrāṇāṃ - kShEtraaNaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to rudra as the vigilant guardian of fields and sacred spaces.

nama̍ssū̠tāyāha̍ntyāya̠ vanā̍nā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namassūtāyāhantyāya - namassootaayaahaMtyaaya (Vedic term); vanānāṃ - vanaanaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord; namō - salutations
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the Lord of the forests, who guides and also corrects.

namō̠ rōhi̍tāya stha̠pata̍yē vṛ̠kṣāṇā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; rōhitāya - rOhitaaya (Vedic term); sthapatayē - to the lord; presiding guardian of; vṛkṣāṇāṃ - vRukShaaNaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to rOhita, the overseer and Lord of trees.

namō̍ ma̠ntriṇē̍ vāṇi̠jāya̠ kakṣā̍ṇā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; mantriṇē - maMtriNE (Vedic term); vāṇijāya - vaaNijaaya (Vedic term); kakṣāṇāṃ - kakShaaNaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the Lord as counsellor and merchant, guiding the borderlands and pathways of life.

namō̍ bhuva̠ntayē̍ vārivaskṛ̠tā-yauṣa̍dhīnā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; bhuvantayē - to this form/aspect; vārivaskṛtā - vaarivaskRutaa (Vedic term); yauṣadhīnāṃ - yauShadheenaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the Lord who "is", the giver of waters, and the Lord of herbs and medicines.

nama̍ u̠chchairghō̍ṣāyākra̠ndaya̍tē pattī̠nā-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); uchchairghōṣāyākrandayatē - uchchairghOShaayaakrandayatE (Vedic term); pattīnāṃ - patteenaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord; namō - salutations
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the loud-voiced one who makes the battlefield roar, and to the Lord of armies and leaders.

nama̍ḥ kṛtsnavī̠tāya̠ dhāva̍tē̠ sattva̍nā̠-mpata̍yē̠ nama̍ḥ ॥ 2 ॥
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; kṛtsnavītāya - kRutsnaveetaaya (Vedic term); dhāvatē - dhaavatE (Vedic term); sattvanāṃ - sattvanaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the all-pervading one who moves swiftly everywhere, the Lord of all beings. (End of Anuvaka 2.)

Commentary (anusandhāna):
This anuvaka expands the mind. The first line salutes familiar names of śiva, but immediately the hymn moves into a radical Vedic teaching: the Divine is not confined to a temple or a single "holy" mood. rudra is addressed as commander, forest-lord, path-guardian, healer of herbs, and even as the regulator of those who move in darkness. The prayer is not approving wrongdoing; it is acknowledging that no part of life is outside the reach of the cosmic order, and asking that the wild, frightening, or chaotic parts be brought back under dharma.

The spirit of this anuvaka resonates strongly with the Upanishadic vision: īśāvāsyamidaṃ sarvam - "all this is pervaded by the Lord." When we truly see this, we stop dividing life into "spiritual" and "non-spiritual" compartments. Nature, society, work, travel, security, medicine, and governance all become arenas where īśvara can be served and remembered. That is why pati (lord/guardian) repeats again and again: it trains the mind to recognize a single sustaining intelligence behind many roles.

In modern life, this anuvaka can be practiced as reverence plus responsibility. Reverence: look at a tree, a river, a medicine, or a busy street and remember that life is being held together by an order larger than your plans. Responsibility: if you work in "paths" (transport, logistics, policing, healthcare, education), treat your role as seva, not as ego. A simple exercise: once a day, choose one ordinary place - your commute, your desk, your kitchen - and mentally offer namaḥ there, reminding yourself that the same Divine presence is there too.

The śvētāśvatara upaniṣad supports this expansive vision with ēkō hi rudrō na dvitīyāya tasthuḥ - one rudra stands without a second. If the same Presence is named as Lord of herbs, forests, leaders, and travellers, then spiritual growth also includes how we treat ecology, public spaces, and social roles. Try a practical "pati" reflection: once a week, ask what you are a pati of - your time, your speech, your phone habits, your health - and lead that domain with care rather than negligence.

Anuvaka 3
nama̠-ssaha̍mānāya nivyā̠dhina̍ āvyā̠dhinī̍nā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; sahamānāya - sahamaanaaya (Vedic term); nivyādhina - nivyaadhina (Vedic term); āvyādhinīnāṃ - aavyaadhineenaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the enduring one, and to the Lord who governs hunters and attackers - so that violence is restrained and redirected.

nama̍ḥ kaku̠bhāya̍ niṣa̠ṅgiṇē̎ stē̠nānā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; kakubhāya - kakubhaaya (Vedic term); niṣaṅgiṇē - sword-bearer; stēnānāṃ - thief; patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the one who lies in ambush, the sword-bearer; salutations to the Lord who rules over robbers.

namō̍ niṣa̠ṅgiṇa̍ iṣudhi̠matē̠ taska̍rāṇā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; niṣaṅgiṇa - sword-bearer; iṣudhimatē - quiver-bearer; taskarāṇāṃ - thief; patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the one with sword and quiver; salutations to the Lord who governs thieves.

namō̠ vañcha̍tē pari̠vañcha̍tē stāyū̠nā-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; vañchatē - vaMchatE (Vedic term); parivañchatē - parivaMchatE (Vedic term); stāyūnāṃ - staayoonaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the one who sees through deception; salutations to the Lord who controls deceivers and cheaters.

namō̍ nichē̠ravē̍ paricha̠rāyāra̍ṇyānā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; nichēravē - nichEravE (Vedic term); paricharāyāraṇyānāṃ - paricharaayaaraNyaanaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the stealthy wanderer; salutations to the Lord of wild forests.

nama̍-ssṛkā̠vibhyō̠ jighāg̍ṃsadbhyō muṣṇa̠tā-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; sṛkāvibhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); jighāgṃsadbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); muṣṇatāṃ - one who steals; patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to those who kill and to those who steal - and to the One who ultimately disciplines such impulses.

namō̍-'si̠madbhyō̠ nakta̠ñchara̍dbhyaḥ prakṛ̠ntānā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; simadbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); naktañcharadbhyaḥ - to these forms/aspects (plural); prakṛntānāṃ - one who cuts; patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to those who roam at night, to those who cut and injure - and to the Lord who restrains them.

nama̍ uṣṇī̠ṣiṇē̍ giricha̠rāya̍ kulu̠ñchānā̠-mpata̍yē̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); uṣṇīṣiṇē - uShNeeShiNE (Vedic term); giricharāya - giricharaaya (Vedic term); kuluñchānāṃ - kuluMchaanaaM (object-form term); patayē - to the lord
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the turbaned mountain-roamer; salutations to the Lord of those who live by roaming hills and wild places.

nama̠ iṣu̍madbhyō dhanvā̠vibhya̍ścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); iṣumadbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); dhanvāvibhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to arrow-bearers and bow-bearers.

nama̍ ātan-vā̠nēbhya̍ḥ prati̠dadhā̍nēbhyaścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); ātan - aatan (Vedic term); vānēbhyaḥ - to these forms/aspects (plural); pratidadhānēbhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to those who string the bow and those who take up the stance to act.

nama̍ ā̠yachCha̍dbhyō visṛ̠jadbhya̍ścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); āyachChadbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); visṛjadbhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to those who draw and to those who release.

namō-'sya̍dbhyō̠ vidya̍dbhyaścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; syadbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); vidyadbhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to those who shoot and to those who strike the target.

nama̠ āsī̍nēbhya̠-śśayā̍nēbhyaścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); āsīnēbhyaḥ - to these forms/aspects (plural); śayānēbhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to those who sit and those who lie down.

nama̍-ssva̠padbhyō̠ jāgra̍dbhyaścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; svapadbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); jāgradbhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to those who sleep and those who wake.

nama̠stiṣṭha̍dbhyō̠ dhāva̍dbhyaścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namastiṣṭhadbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); dhāvadbhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO; namō - salutations
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to those who stand and those who run.

nama̍-ssa̠bhābhya̍-ssa̠bhāpa̍tibhyaścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; sabhābhyaḥ - assembly / leader of assembly; sabhāpatibhya - assembly / leader of assembly; cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to assemblies, and to leaders of assemblies.

namō̠ aśvē̠bhyō-'śva̍patibhyaścha vō̠ nama̍ḥ ॥ 3 ॥
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; aśvēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); śvapatibhya - sitting, lying, sleeping, waking, standing, running; cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to horses and to their guardians. (End of Anuvaka 3.)

Commentary (anusandhāna):
At first glance, this anuvaka can feel unsettling: why mention thieves, night-roamers, and violent doers inside a sacred hymn? The Vedic approach is pragmatic and deep: it does not pretend that darkness does not exist. Instead, it places even these forces under the gaze of īśvara, saluting the One who can restrain, correct, and transform them. In other words, the mantra is not praising wrongdoing; it is asking that every kind of power be brought back under dharma.

There is also an inner meaning. In each of us there are "thieves" that steal attention, "hunters" that chase pleasure, and "night-walkers" that act impulsively when no one is watching. The hymn trains the mind to recognize these tendencies without denial, and to submit them to a higher order through namaḥ. This echoes the yogic principle that the mind's movements must be observed and guided rather than blindly followed.

In practice, use this anuvaka as a mirror and a commitment. When you notice deceit, manipulation, or aggression in yourself, don't rationalize it - name it, pause, and choose a cleaner action. In society too, it encourages a balanced view: compassion for people, but firmness against harmful behavior. A small daily exercise: identify one "small theft" you do (doom-scrolling, procrastination, cutting corners) and replace it with one disciplined act (study, honest work, or a helpful message). Let the chant become a training in integrity.

The yoga tradition frames this as mastery over inner impulses: yōgaś chitta-vṛtti-nirōdhaḥ. The "night-roamer" tendency is exactly what shows up when we act without mindfulness - anonymous cruelty, secret shortcuts, hidden addictions. Bringing these tendencies into the light of namaḥ is a form of inner policing: not harsh self-hatred, but honest responsibility. Over time, the mantra helps align private behavior with public values.

Anuvaka 4
nama̍ āvyā̠dhinī̎bhyō vi̠vidhya̍ntībhyaścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); āvyādhinībhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); vividhyantībhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to hunters and those who pierce their targets - and to the Lord who governs such skill and power.

nama̠ uga̍ṇābhyastṛgṃ-ha̠tībhya̍ścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); ugaṇābhyastṛgṃ - ugaNaabhyastRugM (object-form term); hatībhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to fierce bands and their leaders; may their strength be disciplined.

namō̍ gṛ̠tsēbhyō̍ gṛ̠tsapa̍tibhyaścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; gṛtsēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); gṛtsapatibhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to skilled fighters and their chiefs.

namō̠ vrātē̎bhyō̠ vrāta̍patibhyaścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; vrātēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); vrātapatibhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to companies and their captains.

namō̍ ga̠ṇēbhyō̍ ga̠ṇapa̍tibhyaścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; gaṇēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); gaṇapatibhya - leader of a group; cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to groups and to the leaders of groups.

namō̠ virū̍pēbhyō vi̠śvarū̍pēbhyaścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; virūpēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); viśvarūpēbhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the One who appears in strange forms and in countless forms.

namō̍ maha̠dbhya̍ḥ, kṣulla̠kēbhya̍ścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; mahadbhyaḥ - to these forms/aspects (plural); kṣullakēbhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the great and to the small - the vast and the minute.

namō̍ ra̠thibhyō̍-'ra̠thēbhya̍ścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; rathibhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); rathēbhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to chariot-warriors and to the chariots themselves.

namō̠ rathē̎bhyō̠ ratha̍patibhyaścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; rathēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); rathapatibhya - chariot-warrior, chariot, chariot-lord; cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to chariots and their lords.

nama̠-ssēnā̎bhya-ssēnā̠nibhya̍ścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; sēnābhyaḥ - army / commander; sēnānibhya - army / commander; cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to armies and to commanders of armies.

nama̍ḥ, kṣa̠ttṛbhya̍-ssaṅgrahī̠tṛbhya̍ścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; kṣattṛbhyaḥ - to these forms/aspects (plural); saṅgrahītṛbhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to guardians/administrators and to collectors/organizers - the machinery that keeps society running.

nama̠stakṣa̍bhyō rathakā̠rēbhya̍ścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namastakṣabhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); rathakārēbhya - chariot-warrior, chariot, chariot-lord; cha - and; vō - vO; namō - salutations
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to carpenters and to chariot-makers.

nama̠ḥ kulā̍lēbhyaḥ ka̠rmārē̎bhyaścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; kulālēbhyaḥ - to these forms/aspects (plural); karmārēbhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to potters and to blacksmiths.

nama̍ḥ pu̠ñjiṣṭē̎bhyō niṣā̠dēbhya̍ścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; puñjiṣṭēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); niṣādēbhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to forest-dwellers and to communities that live close to the wild.

nama̍ iṣu̠kṛdbhyō̍ dhanva̠kṛdbhya̍ścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); iṣukṛdbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); dhanvakṛdbhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to arrow-makers and to bow-makers.

namō̍ mṛga̠yubhya̍-śśva̠nibhya̍ścha vō̠ namō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; mṛgayubhyaḥ - hunter, dog; śvanibhya - hunter, dog; cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to hunters and to dogs.

nama̠-śśvabhya̠-śśvapa̍tibhyaścha vō̠ nama̍ḥ ॥ 4 ॥
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); śśvabhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); śśvapatibhya - to these forms/aspects (plural); cha - and; vō - vO
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to dogs and to those who handle and lead them. (End of Anuvaka 4.)

Commentary (anusandhāna):
This anuvaka is strikingly grounded. It salutes not only lofty metaphysical ideas, but also the real infrastructure of life: leadership, armies, crafts, administration, and community roles. In a Vedic worldview, nothing is "outside religion" - even a chariot-maker or a potter can be part of yajña when work is done with skill, honesty, and a sense of offering.

By naming both "great and small" (mahad and kṣullaka), the hymn also trains the mind away from arrogance. When you truly feel namaḥ, you stop looking down on people whose work seems ordinary or "low status." The Divine can be approached through any honest craft. This is a practical form of the teaching that the same Reality pervades everything.

In modern life, let this anuvaka deepen respect. Respect the people who build, fix, transport, protect, and organize - often invisibly. If you are in a position of authority, remember that power is sacred only when it protects. If you are a student or professional, take one skill you are learning and consciously treat it as seva: do it carefully, do it ethically, and do it with gratitude toward all the unseen workers whose labor supports your life.

This connects naturally with the gītā ideal of worship through work: svakarmaṇā taṃ abhyarchya and acting for lōkasaṅgraha (the welfare and cohesion of society). When the potter, blacksmith, engineer, doctor, and teacher see their craft as offering, excellence becomes spiritual discipline. A practical step: choose one "invisible worker" you benefited from today (sanitation, transport, maintenance) and offer respect - a thank you, fair pay, or simply not wasting their effort.

Anuvaka 5

namō̍ bha̠vāya̍ cha ru̠drāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; bhavāya - major Vedic names of Siva; cha - and; rudrāya - major Vedic names of Siva
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to bhava and to rudra.

nama̍-śśa̠rvāya̍ cha paśu̠pata̍yē cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; śarvāya - major Vedic names of Siva; cha - and; paśupatayē - to the Lord of all beings
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to Sarva and to paSupati, Lord of beings.

namō̠ nīla̍grīvāya cha śiti̠kaṇṭhā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; nīlagrīvāya - neelagreevaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; śitikaṇṭhāya - SitikaMThaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the blue-necked one and to the white-throated one.

nama̍ḥ kapa̠rdinē̍ cha̠ vyu̍ptakēśāya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; kapardinē - to the matted-haired Lord; cha - and; vyuptakēśāya - with loosened/untied hair
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the matted-haired one and to the one with flowing/loosened hair.

nama̍-ssahasrā̠kṣāya̍ cha śa̠tadha̍nvanē cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; sahasrākṣāya - sahasraakShaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; śatadhanvanē - to the bearer of many bows
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the thousand-eyed one and to the one with countless bows.

namō̍ giri̠śāya̍ cha śipivi̠ṣṭāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; giriśāya - giriSaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; śipiviṣṭāya - SipiviShTaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the Lord of the mountains and to the all-pervading one who is "clothed" in the world.

namō̍ mī̠ḍhuṣṭa̍māya̠ chēṣu̍matē cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; mīḍhuṣṭamāya - meeDhuShTamaaya (Vedic term); chēṣumatē - chEShumatE (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the most bountiful one and to the arrow-bearing one.

namō̎ hra̠svāya̍ cha vāma̠nāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; hrasvāya - hrasvaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; vāmanāya - vaamanaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the short one and to the dwarf - the Divine who can appear small.

namō̍ bṛha̠tē cha̠ var​ṣī̍yasē cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; bṛhatē - to the vast/expanded one; cha - and; varṣīyasē - varSheeyasE (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the great one and to the even greater one.

namō̍ vṛ̠ddhāya̍ cha sa̠ṃvṛdhva̍nē cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; vṛddhāya - vRuddhaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; saṃvṛdhvanē - saMvRudhvanE (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the ancient one and to the ever-growing one.

namō̠ agri̍yāya cha pratha̠māya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; agriyāya - agriyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; prathamāya - prathamaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the foremost one and to the first one.

nama̍ ā̠śavē̍ chāji̠rāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); āśavē - aaSavE (Vedic term); chājirāya - chaajiraaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the swift one and to the one who moves with speed.

nama̠-śśīghri̍yāya cha̠ śībhyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; śīghriyāya - Seeghriyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; śībhyāya - Seebhyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the fast one and to the quickly-rushing one.

nama̍ ū̠rmyā̍ya chāvasva̠nyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); ūrmyāya - oormyaaya (Vedic term); chāvasvanyāya - chaavasvanyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the wave-like, surging one and to the one whose sound resonates.

nama̍-ssrōta̠syā̍ya cha̠ dvīpyā̍ya cha ॥ 5 ॥
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; srōtasyāya - to the streaming current; cha - and; dvīpyāya - dveepyaaya (Vedic term); 5 - verse number marker
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the stream-like one and to the island-like one - the Divine as flow and as stability. (End of Anuvaka 5.)

Commentary (anusandhāna):
This anuvaka is a meditation on wholeness. The human mind loves labels: big/small, old/young, fast/slow, stable/moving. Sri Rudram refuses to trap rudra in any one category. By offering namaḥ to both sides of each pair, the mantra breaks our habit of clinging to one pole and rejecting the other. It teaches that the Divine includes all powers, all moods, and all scales of existence.

The īśāvāsya upaniṣad expresses this same vision with a famous paradox: tadējati tannējati - "it moves and it moves not; it is far and it is near." When the mind can hold such apparent contradictions, it becomes less rigid and more truthful. namaḥ here is not just a ritual word; it is an inner training in surrendering our mental binaries and resting in a deeper unity.

In modern life, this anuvaka helps with balance. You may need to be gentle at home and firm at work; patient in one season and fast-moving in another. Instead of feeling "split," learn to integrate: ask, "What would dharma look like in this context?" A practical reflection: write down one pair of opposites you struggle with (discipline vs. freedom, ambition vs. peace) and list one small action that honors both in a healthy way. Let the hymn's paired salutations train you to live with maturity, not extremes.

When we hold opposites together, we also become less judgmental about people. Someone can be strong and still gentle, strict and still compassionate, "stream" (srōtas) and "island" (dvīpa) depending on context. The Upanishadic insight nēha nānāsti kiñchana points to a unity behind diversity; in practice it reduces polarization - the urge to force every situation into a single label. Use this as a social practice too: listen for nuance before deciding "good/bad" in people, news, or ideas.

Anuvaka 6
namō̎ jyē̠ṣṭhāya̍ cha kani̠ṣṭhāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; jyēṣṭhāya - eldest / youngest; cha - and; kaniṣṭhāya - eldest / youngest
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the eldest and to the youngest - the Divine present across generations and stages.

nama̍ḥ pūrva̠jāya̍ chāpara̠jāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; pūrvajāya - poorvajaaya (Vedic term); chāparajāya - chaaparajaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the earlier-born and the later-born - the Lord of time's sequence.

namō̍ madhya̠māya̍ chāpaga̠lbhāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; madhyamāya - middle; chāpagalbhāya - chaapagalbhaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the middle one and to the one beyond measure - the order in the center and the freedom beyond it.

namō̍ jagha̠nyā̍ya cha̠ budhni̍yāya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; jaghanyāya - lowest / rooted in depth (foundation); cha - and; budhniyāya - lowest / rooted in depth (foundation)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the lowliest and to the deep foundation - the Divine as what is "below" and what supports all.

nama̍-ssō̠bhyā̍ya cha pratisa̠ryā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; sōbhyāya - sObhyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; pratisaryāya - pratisaryaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to what is near and to what meets us face-to-face - and to what turns us back from danger.

namō̠ yāmyā̍ya cha̠ kṣēmyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; yāmyāya - yaamyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; kṣēmyāya - kShEmyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the southern quarter and to the peaceful, secure one.

nama̍ urva̠ryā̍ya cha̠ khalyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); urvaryāya - urvaryaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; khalyāya - khalyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to fertile fields and to hard, barren ground - the Lord of abundance and scarcity.

nama̠-śślōkyā̍ya chā-'vasā̠nyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; ślōkyāya - SlOkyaaya (Vedic term); chā - chaa (Vedic term); vasānyāya - vasaanyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to what is celebrated and to what is hidden - the known and the unnoticed.

namō̠ vanyā̍ya cha̠ kakṣyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; vanyāya - vanyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; kakṣyāya - kakShyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to wilderness and to thickets/borderlands - the Lord of the untamed and the guarded.

nama̍-śśra̠vāya̍ cha pratiśra̠vāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; śravāya - sound / echo; cha - and; pratiśravāya - sound / echo
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to sound and to echo - to hearing and to response.

nama̍ ā̠śuṣē̍ṇāya chā̠śura̍thāya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); āśuṣēṇāya - aaSuShENaaya (Vedic term); chāśurathāya - chaaSurathaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to swift forces and swift chariots - the Divine as speed and momentum.

nama̠-śśūrā̍ya chāvabhinda̠tē cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; śūrāya - Sooraaya (Vedic term); chāvabhindatē - chaavabhindatE (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the hero and to the one who breaks through obstacles.

namō̍ va̠rmiṇē̍ cha varū̠thinē̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; varmiṇē - armored; cha - and; varūthinē - varoothinE (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the armored one and to the one well-protected by defenses.

namō̍ bi̠lminē̍ cha kava̠chinē̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; bilminē - bilminE (Vedic term); cha - and; kavachinē - armored
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the helmeted/protected one and to the one who wears armor.

nama̍-śśru̠tāya̍ cha śrutasē̠nāya̍ cha ॥ 6 ॥
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; śrutāya - Srutaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; śrutasēnāya - SrutasEnaaya (Vedic term); 6 - verse number marker
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the renowned one and to the one with renowned forces. (End of Anuvaka 6.)

Commentary (anusandhāna):
This anuvaka continues the Vedic method of dissolving narrow identity. By saluting both ends of a spectrum, the hymn trains the mind to stop clinging to one side as "good" and rejecting the other as "bad." Life contains elders and youngsters, abundance and lack, fame and obscurity, sound and echo, protection and vulnerability. The prayer is: may all of these be held within dharma, and may the Divine be recognized in every layer.

There is also a subtle lesson about humility. Many of our anxieties come from resisting a phase of life - not wanting to be "small," not wanting to be "unknown," not wanting to go through "scarcity." The mantra bows to the Lord of all phases, reminding us that growth is not linear, and that the foundation (budhniya) is as sacred as the visible peak. When we accept this, we become steadier and less resentful.

In practice, apply this anuvaka to transitions. If you are moving from student to employee, single to married, young to aging, or success to setback, let namaḥ soften resistance. Take one spectrum you are currently experiencing (for example, fast-paced days vs. slow days) and choose a grounding habit that works in both: a short daily prayer, a few minutes of breath, or a non-negotiable act of honesty. The hymn teaches: don't demand life be only one way; learn to live wisely in every season.

The gītā gives a similar resilience lesson with śītōṣṇa-sukha-duḥkha-dāḥ: life alternates between heat and cold, pleasure and pain. This anuvaka invites the same steadiness by honoring every phase as part of a larger order. A practical habit: when a day feels "barren" (khalā) rather than fertile (urvarā), don't waste it in self-complaint. Do one small duty well and one small kindness - that itself turns scarcity into strength.

Anuvaka 7
namō̍ dundu̠bhyā̍ya chāhana̠nyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; dundubhyāya - duMdubhyaaya (Vedic term); chāhananyāya - chaahananyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the drum and to the one who cannot be resisted - power expressed as sound and command.

namō̍ dhṛ̠ṣṇavē̍ cha pramṛ̠śāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; dhṛṣṇavē - to the strong one; cha - and; pramṛśāya - pramRuSaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the bold one and to the one who strikes/removes obstacles.

namō̍ dū̠tāya̍ cha̠ prahi̍tāya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; dūtāya - dootaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; prahitāya - messenger / dispatched one
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the messenger and to the one sent forth.

namō̍ niṣa̠ṅgiṇē̍ chēṣudhi̠matē̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; niṣaṅgiṇē - sword-bearer, quiver-bearer; chēṣudhimatē - chEShudhimatE (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the sword-bearer and to the quiver-bearer.

nama̍stī̠kṣṇēṣa̍vē chāyu̠dhinē̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namastīkṣṇēṣavē - namasteekShNEShavE (Vedic term); chāyudhinē - chaayudhinE (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the sharp arrow and to the wielder of weapons.

nama̍-ssvāyu̠dhāya̍ cha su̠dhanva̍nē cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; svāyudhāya - svaayudhaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; sudhanvanē - with a good bow
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the well-armed one and to the one with a good bow.

nama̠-ssrutyā̍ya cha̠ pathyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; srutyāya - srutyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; pathyāya - track / path (way)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to tracks and to roads - to the ways by which people travel.

nama̍ḥ kā̠ṭyā̍ya cha nī̠pyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; kāṭyāya - kaaTyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; nīpyāya - neepyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to hard ground and to soft/low-lying ground - to different terrains.

nama̠-ssūdyā̍ya cha sara̠syā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; sūdyāya - soodyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; sarasyāya - lake, river
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to water in streams and to lakes and ponds.

namō̍ nā̠dyāya̍ cha vaiśa̠ntāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; nādyāya - naadyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; vaiśantāya - vaiSaMtaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to rivers and to seasonal currents and flows.

nama̠ḥ kūpyā̍ya chāva̠ṭyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; kūpyāya - koopyaaya (Vedic term); chāvaṭyāya - chaavaTyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to wells and to pits.

namō̠ var​ṣyā̍ya chāva̠r​ṣyāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; varṣyāya - varShyaaya (Vedic term); chāvarṣyāya - chaavarShyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to rain and to the absence of rain - to the forces behind both.

namō̍ mē̠ghyā̍ya cha vidyu̠tyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; mēghyāya - mEghyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; vidyutyāya - rain, cloud, lightning
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to clouds and to lightning.

nama ī̠dhriyā̍ya chāta̠pyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); īdhriyāya - eedhriyaaya (Vedic term); chātapyāya - chaatapyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to burning heat and to sunlight.

namō̠ vātyā̍ya cha̠ rēṣmi̍yāya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; vātyāya - vaatyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; rēṣmiyāya - rEShmiyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to wind and to rays/light.

namō̍ vāsta̠vyā̍ya cha vāstu̠pāya̍ cha ॥ 7 ॥
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; vāstavyāya - vaastavyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; vāstupāya - vaastupaaya (Vedic term); 7 - verse number marker
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to dwellings and to the protector of dwellings. (End of Anuvaka 7.)

Commentary (anusandhāna):
This anuvaka brings Sri Rudram into everyday geography. It salutes the things that determine whether life feels safe: communication (messengers), travel (paths), shelter (homes), and nature (water, rain, wind, lightning, sun). When these forces are supportive, life flows; when they are chaotic, we suffer. By offering namaḥ here, the Veda teaches that spirituality is not separate from climate, ecology, infrastructure, and community life.

There is also an inner echo. We have "storms" in the mind: flashes of manyu, waves of anxiety, droughts of motivation, lightning of sudden insight, winds of distraction. The same prayer that asks for balance in the outer world can be used to seek balance within: may the mind's energies become śiva - supportive, not destructive.

In practice, let this anuvaka inspire both reverence and stewardship. Respect water, reduce waste, and be mindful of the ecosystems that sustain your comfort. At a personal level, create a "home" within: a stable routine, a clean space, and a few minutes of daily quiet so the inner weather is not always chaotic. A simple reflection: today, notice one natural element (sun, wind, rain, or water) and offer a brief namaḥ with gratitude, remembering how much of your life depends on forces you do not control.

Vedic prayers often treat the elements as living blessings. For water, a famous line is āpō hi ṣṭhā mayōbhuvaḥ - waters are the sources of wellbeing. Reading Sri Rudram this way naturally expands into environmental ethics: protect water, respect land, reduce reckless consumption. On the inner side, notice how your "weather" improves when your breath is steady: a few minutes of slow breathing can be like bringing gentle rain after a drought of anxiety.

Anuvaka 8
nama̠-ssōmā̍ya cha ru̠drāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; sōmāya - the soothing, lunar principle; cha - and; rudrāya - to Rudra
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the soothing sOma-like aspect, and to rudra.

nama̍stā̠mrāya̍ chāru̠ṇāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namastāmrāya - namastaamraaya (Vedic term); chāruṇāya - chaaruNaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the coppery-red one and to the rosy-red one.

nama̍-śśa̠ṅgāya̍ cha paśu̠pata̍yē cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; śaṅgāya - SaMgaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; paśupatayē - to the Lord of all beings
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the gentle, auspicious one, and to paSupati, Lord of beings.

nama̍ u̠grāya̍ cha bhī̠māya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); ugrāya - fierce / awe-inspiring; cha - and; bhīmāya - bheemaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the fierce one and to the awe-inspiring one.

namō̍ agrēva̠dhāya̍ cha dūrēva̠dhāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; agrēvadhāya - agrEvadhaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; dūrēvadhāya - doorEvadhaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the one who strikes nearby and the one who strikes from afar - the inescapable reach of cosmic law.

namō̍ ha̠ntrē cha̠ hanī̍yasē cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; hantrē - haMtrE (Vedic term); cha - and; hanīyasē - haneeyasE (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the destroyer, and to the one whose power to destroy is unsurpassed.

namō̍ vṛ̠kṣēbhyō̠ hari̍kēśēbhyō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; vṛkṣēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); harikēśēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the Lord present in trees, the green/tawny-haired one.

nama̍stā̠rāya̠
Meaning (padārtha): namastārāya - namastaaraaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the "one who helps us cross" - the saving, guiding power.

nama̍śśa̠mbhavē̍ cha mayō̠bhavē̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaśśambhavē - namaSSaMbhavE (Vedic term); cha - and; mayōbhavē - to the giver of delight and welfare
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to SaMbhava and mayO-bhava, the source of auspiciousness and wellbeing.

nama̍-śśaṅka̠rāya̍ cha mayaska̠rāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; śaṅkarāya - giver of welfare / maker of wellbeing; cha - and; mayaskarāya - giver of welfare / maker of wellbeing
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to SaMkara and mayas-kara, giver and maker of welfare.

nama̍-śśi̠vāya̍ cha śi̠vata̍rāya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; śivāya - auspicious / even more auspicious; cha - and; śivatarāya - auspicious / even more auspicious
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to Siva and to the even more Siva.

nama̠stīrthyā̍ya cha̠ kūlyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namastīrthyāya - namasteerthyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; kūlyāya - koolyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to sacred crossings (tIrtha) and to riverbanks.

nama̍ḥ pā̠ryā̍ya chāvā̠ryā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; pāryāya - paaryaaya (Vedic term); chāvāryāya - chaavaaryaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the farther shore and to the nearer shore.

nama̍ḥ pra̠tara̍ṇāya chō̠ttara̍ṇāya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; prataraṇāya - prataraNaaya (Vedic term); chōttaraṇāya - chOttaraNaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to crossing and to crossing-over - to the passage beyond obstacles.

nama̍ ātā̠ryā̍ya chālā̠dyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); ātāryāya - aataaryaaya (Vedic term); chālādyāya - chaalaadyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the one who helps us swim across and to the one who moves and guides in shifting waters.

nama̠-śśaṣpyā̍ya cha̠ phēnyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; śaṣpyāya - SaShpyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; phēnyāya - PEnyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to grass and to foam.

nama̍-ssika̠tyā̍ya cha pravā̠hyā̍ya cha ॥ 8 ॥
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; sikatyāya - sikatyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; pravāhyāya - pravaahyaaya (Vedic term); 8 - verse number marker
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to sand and to the river's current/flow. (End of Anuvaka 8.)

Commentary (anusandhāna):
This anuvaka holds a beautiful tension: rudra is both soothing like sōma and fierce like ugra; both gentle protector and uncompromising force of correction. That is why the hymn salutes the "near-striker" and "far-striker" - consequences can be immediate or delayed, but they are not escapable. In the same breath, the mantra salutes the saving, guiding power that helps us cross. The message is mature: reality is firm, and grace is real.

The repeated imagery of tīrtha, banks, shores, and crossing-over can be read outwardly (rivers and pilgrim crossings) and inwardly (saṃsāra as a turbulent stream). To ask for uttaraṇa is to ask for the strength to move beyond confusion and fear. In many traditions, tāraka means "that which ferries across"; this anuvaka hints at that liberating dimension of the Divine.

In modern life, think of "crossings" as transitions: exams, job changes, illness, grief, temptation, or moral dilemmas. This anuvaka teaches two practices: accept that actions have consequences (near or far), and lean on disciplined grace to cross. A simple exercise: when you face a difficult choice, write down (1) the near consequence and (2) the far consequence. Then ask: "What choice is śiva-tarā - more auspicious - for me and for others?" Let the idea of crossing-over turn into a concrete decision.

Upanishads describe liberation as crossing sorrow: tarati śōkaṃ ātmavit - the knower of the Self crosses grief. Sri Rudram uses the concrete language of banks, currents, and shores to make this memorable. In practice, treat each "crossing" as a chance to grow: move from panic to clarity, from blame to responsibility, from escapism to disciplined action. Even a small ritual helps: before a major transition, chant a few lines of this anuvaka and set one clear vow of ahiṃsā and honesty for the journey.

Anuvaka 9
nama̍ iri̠ṇyā̍ya cha prapa̠thyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); iriṇyāya - dry, open land; cha - and; prapathyāya - prapathyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the Lord present in wilderness and in public roads.

nama̍ḥ kigṃśi̠lāya̍ cha̠ kṣaya̍ṇāya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; kigṃśilāya - kigMSilaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; kṣayaṇāya - dwelling
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to rocky ground and to dwellings/resting places.

nama̍ḥ kapa̠rdinē̍ cha pula̠stayē̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; kapardinē - to the matted-haired Lord; cha - and; pulastayē - to this form/aspect
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the matted-haired Lord and to the ever-present one who moves among all places.

namō̠ gōṣṭhyā̍ya cha̠ gṛhyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; gōṣṭhyāya - gOShThyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; gṛhyāya - gRuhyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to cowsheds and to homes.

nama̠stalpyā̍ya cha̠ gēhyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namastalpyāya - namastalpyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; gēhyāya - gEhyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to beds and to households.

nama̍ḥ kā̠ṭyā̍ya cha gahvarē̠ṣṭhāya̍ cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; kāṭyāya - kaaTyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; gahvarēṣṭhāya - gahvarEShThaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to hard ground and to deep hollows and ravines.

namō̎ hrada̠yyā̍ya cha nivē̠ṣpyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; hradayyāya - hradayyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; nivēṣpyāya - nivEShpyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to lakes/ponds and to settlements.

nama̍ḥ pāgṃ sa̠vyā̍ya cha raja̠syā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; pāgṃ - paagM (object-form term); savyāya - savyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; rajasyāya - dust, dust-cloud
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to dusty paths and to dust-filled places.

nama̠-śśuṣkyā̍ya cha hari̠tyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; śuṣkyāya - SuShkyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; harityāya - harityaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to dry lands and to green, thriving lands.

namō̠ lōpyā̍ya chōla̠pyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; lōpyāya - lOpyaaya (Vedic term); chōlapyāya - chOlapyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to ploughed lands and to cultivated fields.

nama̍ ū̠rvyā̍ya cha sū̠rmyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); ūrvyāya - oorvyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; sūrmyāya - soormyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to broad earth and to fertile ground.

nama̍ḥ pa̠rṇyā̍ya cha parṇaśa̠dyā̍ya cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namaḥ - salutations; parṇyāya - parNyaaya (Vedic term); cha - and; parṇaśadyāya - parNaSadyaaya (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to leafy trees and to leaf-strewn resting places.

namō̍-'pagu̠ramā̍ṇāya chābighna̠tē cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; paguramāṇāya - paguramaaNaaya (Vedic term); chābighnatē - chaabighnatE (Vedic term); cha - and
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the one who grows and spreads, and to the one who removes obstacles and breaks down ignorance.

nama̍ ākhkhida̠tē cha̍ prakhkhida̠tē cha̠
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); ākhkhidatē - aakhkhidatE (Vedic term); cha - and; prakhkhidatē - prakhkhidatE (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the one who pierces and to the one who pierces deeply - the cleansing force that uproots impurity.

namō̍ vaḥ kiri̠kēbhyō̍ dē̠vānā̠g̠m̠ hṛda̍yēbhyō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; vaḥ - to you (plural); kirikēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); dēvānāgm - dEvaanaagm (Vedic term); hṛdayēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to you, the hill-dwelling rudras; salutations to the Rudras who dwell in the hearts of the gods.

namō̍ vikṣīṇa̠kēbhyō̠ namō̍ vichinva̠tkēbhyō̠
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; vikṣīṇakēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); vichinvatkēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to those who are spread everywhere, and to those who search and sift through all things.

nama̍ ānir ha̠tēbhyō̠ nama̍ āmīva̠tkēbhya̍ḥ ॥ 9 ॥
Meaning (padārtha): nama - nama (Vedic term); ānir - aanir (Vedic term); hatēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); āmīvatkēbhyaḥ - to these forms/aspects (plural); 9 - verse number marker
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to those who do not harm, and to those who remove disease and affliction. (End of Anuvaka 9.)

Commentary (anusandhāna):
This anuvaka makes the mantra's pervasiveness concrete by naming landscapes and habitats. It is easy to feel spiritual in a quiet corner; it is harder to carry that awareness into the dusty road, the crowded settlement, the rocky ground, or the remote wilderness. Sri Rudram deliberately includes all of them, teaching that the Divine is not confined to a "nice" environment.

The climax of the anuvaka is inward: it salutes the rudras who dwell in the "hearts of the gods." This points to a layered spiritual vision: the same power that appears as nature and geography also exists as the inner center of consciousness. The request to the "spread-out" and "searching" Rudras can be read as a prayer that the searching light of awareness find and remove hidden disease - whether physical or moral.

In practice, use this anuvaka to expand where you remember the sacred. Bring a small awareness of namaḥ into ordinary places: the street, the bus stop, the office corridor, the supermarket, the doctor's clinic. Also apply it inwardly: when you feel an "amīva" (an affliction) such as anxiety or resentment rising, pause and ask for the "aameevat" power - the capacity to heal at the root, not just to suppress symptoms.

This is again the Upanishadic lens of pervasion: īśāvāsyaṃ idaṃ sarvam. If the Divine is present in roads and wilderness, then no place is "wasted time" for awareness. Try a modern experiment: pick one recurring location that normally triggers impatience (traffic, queues, waiting rooms) and treat it as a tīrtha - a place to practice calm. One minute of steady breath and silent namaḥ there can change your whole day.

Anuvaka 10
drāpē̠ andha̍saspatē̠ dari̍dra̠nnīla̍lōhita । ē̠ṣā-mpuru̍ṣāṇāmē̠ṣā-mpa̍śū̠nā-mmā bhērmā-'rō̠ mō ē̍ṣā̠-ṅkiñcha̠nāma̍mat ।
Meaning (padārtha): drāpē - O remover of suffering and decay; andhasaspatē - andhasaspatE (key mantra term); daridrannīlalōhita - daridranneelalOhita (key mantra term); ēṣāṃ - of these; puruṣāṇāmēṣāṃ - puruShaaNaamEShaaM (key mantra term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): O blue-red Lord who rules even over what is feared and shadowy: do not frighten or destroy our people and animals; let none of them be lost.

yā tē̍ rudra śi̠vā ta̠nū-śśi̠vā vi̠śvāha̍bhēṣajī । śi̠vā ru̠drasya̍ bhēṣa̠jī tayā̍ nō mṛḍa jī̠vasē̎ ॥
Meaning (padārtha): yā - which; rudra - O Rudra; śivā - auspicious; tanūḥ - tanooH (key mantra term); viśvāhabhēṣajī - universal healer
Translation (bhāvārtha): O rudra, may that form of yours which is Siva, the universal medicine and the healing remedy of Rudra, bless us. With that auspicious form, be gracious to us so that we may live well.

i̠māgṃ ru̠drāya̍ ta̠vasē̍ kapa̠rdinē̎ kṣa̠yadvī̍rāya̠ prabha̍rāmahē ma̠tim । yathā̍ na̠śśamasa̍ddvi̠padē̠ chatu̍ṣpadē̠ viśva̍-mpu̠ṣṭa-ṅgrāmē̍ a̠sminnanā̍turam ।
Meaning (padārtha): imāgṃ - this (prayer/intention); rudrāya - to Rudra; tavasē - to the mighty one; kapardinē - to the matted-haired Lord; kṣayadvīrāya - to the protector who overcomes hostile force
Translation (bhāvārtha): To mighty rudra, the matted-haired one, the power that ends destructive pride, we offer our prayer. May all in this village - two-footed and four-footed - be nourished and free from illness.

mṛ̠ḍā nō̍ rudrō̠ta nō̠ maya̍skṛdhi kṣa̠yadvī̍rāya̠ nama̍sā vidhēma tē । yachCha-ñcha̠ yōścha̠ manu̍rāya̠jē pi̠tā tada̍śyāma̠ tava̍ rudra̠ praṇī̍tau ।
Meaning (padārtha): mṛḍā - be gracious; rudrōta - rudrOta (key mantra term); mayaskṛdhi - mayaskRudhi (key mantra term); kṣayadvīrāya - to the protector who overcomes hostile force; namasā - namasaa (key mantra term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Be gracious to us, O rudra; make us well. We worship you with salutations. Under your guidance, may we experience the wellbeing that manu, the ancient father, sought through yaj~ja.

mā nō̍ ma̠hānta̍mu̠ta mā nō̍ arbha̠ka-mmā na̠ ukṣa̍ntamu̠ta mā na̍ ukṣi̠tam । mā nō̍-'vadhīḥ pi̠tara̠-mmōta mā̠tara̍-mpri̠yā mā na̍sta̠nuvō̍ rudra rīriṣaḥ ।
Meaning (padārtha): mā - do not; mahāntamuta - mahaantamuta (key mantra term); arbhakaṃ - arbhakaM (key mantra term); ukṣantamuta - ukShaMtamuta (key mantra term); ukṣitaṃ - ukShitaM (key mantra term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Do not harm our great ones or our little ones; do not harm our young or our grown. Do not strike our father or mother. O rudra, do not injure our dear bodies.

mā na̍stō̠kē tana̍yē̠ mā na̠ āyu̍ṣi̠ mā nō̠ gōṣu̠ mā nō̠ aśvē̍ṣu rīriṣaḥ । vī̠rānmā nō̍ rudra bhāmi̠tō-'va̍dhīr​ha̠viṣmaṃ̍tō̠ nama̍sā vidhēma tē ।
Meaning (padārtha): mā - do not; nastōkē - nastOkE (key mantra term); tanayē - descendants; āyuṣi - lifespan; gōṣu - cattle
Translation (bhāvārtha): Do not harm our children, our lifespan, our cattle, or our horses. Do not slay our heroes. We, the offerers of oblations, worship you with salutations.

ā̠rāttē̍ gō̠ghna u̠ta pū̍ruṣa̠ghnē kṣa̠yadvī̍rāya su̠mnama̠smē tē̍ astu । rakṣā̍ cha nō̠ adhi̍ cha dēva brū̠hyadhā̍ cha na̠-śśarma̍ yachCha dvi̠bar​hā̎ḥ ।
Meaning (padārtha): ārāttē - let it be far away from us; gōghna - cow-slayer; pūruṣaghnē - pooruShaghnE (key mantra term); kṣayadvīrāya - to the protector who overcomes hostile force; sumnamasmē - sumnamasmE (key mantra term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): May the cow-slayer and man-slayer be far from us. O destroyer of destructive heroes, may there be favor for us. Speak protection over us, and grant us shelter and wellbeing, O bearer of the bow.

stu̠hi śru̠ta-ṅga̍rta̠sada̠ṃ yuvā̍na-mmṛ̠ganna bhī̠mamu̍paha̠tnumu̠gram । mṛ̠ḍā ja̍ri̠trē ru̍dra̠ stavā̍nō a̠nyantē̍ a̠smanniva̍pantu̠ sēnā̎ḥ ।
Meaning (padārtha): stuhi - praise; śrutaṃ - SrutaM (key mantra term); gartasadaṃ - gartasadaM (key mantra term); yuvānaṃ - yuvaanaM (key mantra term); mṛganna - mRuganna (key mantra term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Praise the famed one who dwells in the depths, youthful and formidable like a beast. O rudra, be gracious to the singer who praises you; may enemy forces not strike us.

pari̍ṇō ru̠drasya̍ hē̠tirvṛ̍ṇaktu̠ pari̍ tvē̠ṣasya̍ durma̠ti ra̍ghā̠yōḥ । ava̍ sthi̠rā ma̠ghava̍dbhya-stanuṣva̠ mīḍhva̍stō̠kāya̠ tana̍yāya mṛḍaya ।
Meaning (padārtha): pariṇō - around us/protect us; rudrasya - rudrasya (key mantra term); hētirvṛṇaktu - hEtirvRuNaktu (key mantra term); pari - pari (key mantra term); tvēṣasya - tvEShasya (key mantra term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): May Rudra's missile protect us on all sides; may the fierce, harmful intent pass away from us. Stay close and spread your protection; O bountiful one, be gracious to our children and descendants.

mīḍhu̍ṣṭama̠ śiva̍tama śi̠vō na̍-ssu̠manā̍ bhava । pa̠ra̠mē vṛ̠kṣa āyu̍dhanni̠dhāya̠ kṛtti̠ṃ vasā̍na̠ ācha̍ra̠ pinā̍ka̠-mbibhra̠dāga̍hi ।
Meaning (padārtha): mīḍhuṣṭama - most bountiful one; śivatama - most auspicious one; śivō - SivO (key mantra term); naḥ - naH (key mantra term); sumanā - kindly-minded
Translation (bhāvārtha): O most bountiful and most auspicious one, be kindly disposed. Having placed your weapons on the highest tree, wearing your skin-cloth, come to us holding the pinAka bow - as a protector, not as a destroyer.

viki̍rida̠ vilō̍hita̠ nama̍stē astu bhagavaḥ । yāstē̍ sa̠hasragṃ̍ hē̠tayō̠nyama̠smanniva̍pantu̠ tāḥ ।
Meaning (padārtha): vikirida - scatterer/disperser; vilōhita - red-hued one; namastē - namastE (key mantra term); astu - astu (key mantra term); bhagavaḥ - bhagavaH (key mantra term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): O braided-haired, red-hued Lord, salutations to you. May your thousand weapons fall away from us, not upon us.

sa̠hasrā̍ṇi sahasra̠dhā bā̍hu̠vōstava̍ hē̠taya̍ḥ । tāsā̠mīśā̍nō bhagavaḥ parā̠chīnā̠ mukhā̍ kṛdhi ॥ 10 ॥
Meaning (padārtha): sahasrāṇi - thousands; sahasradhā - in countless ways; bāhuvōstava - baahuvOstava (key mantra term); hētayaḥ - weapons; tāsāmīśānō - taasaameeSaanO (key mantra term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Your arms are thousands; your weapons are thousands. O Lord, turn their faces away from us. (End of Anuvaka 10.)

Commentary (anusandhāna):
This anuvaka is where the tone becomes intensely personal. After saluting rudra in many forms, the devotee now asks for direct protection: for family, cattle, livelihood, health, and peace in the community. The prayer is not "world-denying"; it is a prayer for a life in which dharma can be lived without constant fear. The central insight is beautiful: the same power that can destroy is also the deepest medicine (viśvāha-bhēṣajī). What we fear can also become what heals, when aligned with the right order.

Notice how the hymn asks for both outer and inner safety. It asks for the village to be anātura (not afflicted) and puṣṭa (thriving), and it asks for the "thousand weapons" to be turned away. These are images for all forms of harm: disease, violence, accidents, and also the sharpness of speech and thought. The request "place your weapons on the highest tree" is a powerful symbol: let the destructive potential be stored away; let the Lord approach as protector.

In modern life, this anuvaka can be practiced as a daily "safety and healing" prayer. Use it when you feel anxious about health, family, or community conflict. The practical application is also ethical: if you carry "weapons" (authority, sharp words, money, influence), learn to place them aside when they are not needed. Be firm when protection is required, but don't carry aggression into every conversation. A simple exercise: before difficult meetings, set an intention - "May my power become śiva - healing and fair" - and choose one action that reduces harm (listen first, speak calmly, refuse gossip, or offer help).

Many lines here are framed as "do not harm" - mā nō vadhīḥ (may you not strike us) - and they quietly align protection with ethics. The closing of chamakam will explicitly seal this with mā hiṃsīḥ, but the spirit is already here: ask for safety so you can live dharma, not to enable arrogance. When you chant this anuvaka, consider offering it for someone else too: a sick friend, a stressed parent, a community in conflict. Turning prayer outward is one way to make the "universal medicine" (viśvāha-bhēṣajī) active through compassion.

Anuvaka 11
sa̠hasrā̍ṇi sahasra̠śō yē ru̠drā adhi̠ bhūmyā̎m । tēṣāg̍ṃ sahasrayōja̠nē-'va̠dhanvā̍ni tanmasi ।
Meaning (padārtha): sahasrāṇi - thousands; sahasraśō - sahasraSO (key mantra term); yē - those who; rudrā - rudraa (key mantra term); adhi - abiding in
Translation (bhāvārtha): There are countless rudras spread across the earth. Their bows are "a thousand yojanas away" - meaning: may their power be far from us in the sense of harm.

a̠sminma̍ha̠tya̍rṇa̠vē̎-'ntari̍kṣē bha̠vā adhi̍ । nīla̍grīvā-śśiti̠kaṇṭhā̎-śśa̠rvā a̠dhaḥ, kṣa̍mācha̠rāḥ ।
Meaning (padārtha): asminmahatyarṇavēntarikṣē - asminmahatyarNavEMtarikShE (key mantra term); bhavā - forms of Bhava; adhi - abiding in; nīlagrīvāḥ - blue-necked forms; śitikaṇṭhāḥ - white-throated forms
Translation (bhāvārtha): In this vast ocean of antarikSha (mid-space), bhava abides; the blue-necked, white-throated Sarvas move on the earth and below it.

nīla̍grīvā-śśiti̠kaṇṭhā̠ divag̍ṃ ru̠drā upa̍śritāḥ । yē vṛ̠kṣēṣu̍ sa̠spiñja̍rā̠ nīla̍grīvā̠ vilō̍hitāḥ ।
Meaning (padārtha): nīlagrīvāḥ - blue-necked forms; śitikaṇṭhā - SitikaNThaa (key mantra term); divagṃ - divagM (key mantra term); rudrā - rudraa (key mantra term); upaśritāḥ - upaSritaaH (key mantra term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Blue-necked and white-throated rudras dwell in heaven too; and those Rudras who reside in trees - tawny and red-hued - are also saluted.

yē bhū̠tānā̠madhi̍patayō viśi̠khāsa̍ḥ kapa̠rdina̍ḥ ।
Meaning (padārtha): yē - those who; who; bhūtānāmadhipatayō - bhootaanaamadhipatayO (Vedic term); viśikhāsaḥ - viSikhaasaH (Vedic term); kapardinaḥ - kapardinaH (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the matted-haired, warrior-like lords of beings.

yē annē̍ṣu vi̠vidhya̍nti̠ pātrē̍ṣu̠ piba̍tō̠ janān̍ ।
Meaning (padārtha): yē - those who; who; annēṣu - annEShu (Vedic term); vividhyanti - vividhyaMti (Vedic term); pātrēṣu - paatrEShu (Vedic term); pibatō - pibatO (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to those who move among food and among people who drink from vessels - present in everyday life and sustenance.

yē pa̠thā-mpa̍thi̠rakṣa̍ya ailabṛ̠dā̍ ya̠vyudha̍ḥ ।
Meaning (padārtha): yē - those who; who; pathāṃ - pathaaM (object-form term); pathirakṣaya - pathirakShaya (Vedic term); ailabṛdā - ailabRudaa (Vedic term); yavyudhaḥ - yavyudhaH (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to those who guard paths upon paths - protectors of travellers.

yē tī̠rthāni̍ pra̠chara̍nti sṛ̠kāva̍ntō niṣa̠ṅgiṇa̍ḥ ।
Meaning (padārtha): yē - those who; who; tīrthāni - teerthaani (Vedic term); pracharanti - pracharaMti (Vedic term); sṛkāvantō - sRukaavaMtO (Vedic term); niṣaṅgiṇaḥ - niShaMgiNaH (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to those who roam sacred crossings and holy places, carrying offerings and weapons - fierce yet sanctifying.

ya ē̠tāva̍ntaścha̠ bhūyāg̍ṃsaścha̠ diśō̍ ru̠drā vi̍tasthi̠rē । tēṣāg̍ṃ sahasrayōja̠nē-'va̠dhanvā̍ni tanmasi ।
Meaning (padārtha): ya - ya (key mantra term); ētāvantaścha - as many as these; bhūyāgṃsaścha - and even more; diśō - in the directions; rudrā - rudraa (key mantra term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): As many as these, and even more, the Rudras stand spread through all directions. May their bows (their capacity to harm) be kept far away from us.

namō̍ ru̠dhrēbhyō̠ yē pṛ̍thi̠vyāṃ yē̎-'ntari̍kṣē̠ yē di̠vi yēṣā̠manna̠ṃ vātō̍ va̠r​ṣa̠miṣa̍va̠stēbhyō̠ daśa̠ prāchī̠rdaśa̍ dakṣi̠ṇā daśa̍ pra̠tīchī̠-rdaśō-dī̍chī̠-rdaśō̠rdhvāstēbhyō̠ nama̠stē nō̍ mṛḍayantu̠ tē ya-ndvi̠ṣmō yaścha̍ nō̠ dvēṣṭi̠ taṃ vō̠ jambhē̍ dadhāmi ॥ 11 ॥
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; rudhrēbhyō - to these forms/aspects (plural); yē - those who; who; pṛthivyāṃ - pRuthivyaaM (object-form term); ntarikṣē - MtarikShE (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the rudras on earth, in mid-space, and in heaven - whose food is wind and whose arrows are rain. Salutations to them in all directions (east, south, west, north, and upward). May they be gracious and bless us. And may the hostility we carry - and those who carry hostility toward us - be offered into Rudra's consuming power, so enmity is ended. (End of Anuvaka 11.)

Commentary (anusandhāna):
This final anuvaka universalizes the prayer. The hymn has moved from pacifying anger, to saluting rudra in society and nature, to asking for healing and protection. Now it expands into a cosmic map: earth, mid-space, heaven; oceans of space; trees; paths; sacred crossings; directions. The message is: there is no "outside" to the Divine. If we can remember that, fear reduces, because we stop imagining that we are alone in a hostile universe.

The challenging line is the closing: "the one we hate and the one who hates us - we place in your jaws." Taken literally, it sounds aggressive. Spiritually, it can be read as a surrender of dvēṣa itself. We offer our enmity into Rudra's fire so it is consumed and transformed. This is consistent with the larger movement of Sri Rudram: not denial of intense forces, but purification of them into śiva.

In daily life, this anuvaka is a practice of de-personalizing conflict. When someone hurts you, the mind wants to freeze them into "enemy." The mantra invites a different move: offer the heat of hatred to the Divine and let it burn as clarity, not revenge. A practical exercise: when you feel hostility, write one sentence describing the behavior (not the person) that upset you, and one sentence describing the boundary you need. Then act from that boundary calmly. Let Rudra "consume" the hatred, while you keep the discernment.

The śvētāśvatara upaniṣad again supports this reading with ēkō hi rudrō na dvitīyāya tasthuḥ. When the One is everywhere, holding on to hatred becomes self-poisoning. The anuvaka's cosmic sweep (earth, antarikṣa, div, the ten directions) can be turned into a daily meditation: feel space around you, bow inwardly with namaḥ, and let the nervous system relax. From that calmer place, even difficult conversations become more possible.

Concluding Mantras 1
trya̍mbakaṃ yajāmahē suga̠ndhi-mpu̍ṣṭi̠vardha̍nam । u̠rvā̠ru̠kami̍va̠ bandha̍nānmṛ̠tyōrmu̍kṣīya̠ mā-'mṛtā̎t ।
Meaning (padārtha): tryambakaṃ - three-eyed Lord (Siva); yajāmahē - we worship; we offer; sugandhiṃ - sugaMdhiM (object-form term); puṣṭivardhanaṃ - increaser of nourishment and strength; urvārukamiva - urvaarukamiva (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): We worship the three-eyed Lord, fragrant and life-nourishing. May we be released from the bondage of death like a ripe cucumber is freed from its stem - and may we not fall away from immortality.

yō ru̠drō a̠gnau yō a̠psu ya ōṣa̍dhīṣu̠ yō ru̠drō viśvā̠ bhuva̍nā vi̠vēśa̠ tasmai̍ ru̠drāya̠ namō̍ astu ।
Meaning (padārtha): yō - who; that; rudrō - rudrO (Vedic term); agnau - in fire, in waters, in herbs; apsu - in fire, in waters, in herbs; ya - we worship
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to that rudra who is in fire, in waters, in herbs - who has entered and pervaded all worlds.

tamu̍ ṣṭuhi̠ ya-ssvi̠ṣussu̠dhanvā̠ yō viśva̍sya̠ kṣaya̍ti bhēṣa̠jasya̍ । yakṣvā̎ma̠hē sau̎mana̠sāya̍ ru̠dra-nnamō̎bhirdē̠vamasu̍ra-nduvasya ।
Meaning (padārtha): tamu - tamu (Vedic term); ṣṭuhi - ShTuhi (Vedic term); yaḥ - who; that one; sviṣussudhanvā - sviShussudhanvaa (Vedic term); yō - who; that
Translation (bhāvārtha): Praise that rudra with the excellent bow, the Lord of medicine. We worship him for wellbeing and clarity, honoring him with salutations - the Divine praised by all.

a̠ya-mmē̠ hastō̠ bhaga̍vāna̠ya-mmē̠ bhaga̍vattaraḥ । a̠ya-mmē̎ vi̠śvabhē̎ṣajō̠-'yagṃ śi̠vābhi̍mar​śanaḥ ।
Meaning (padārtha): ayaṃ - ayaM (object-form term); mē - to me; hastō - hastO (Vedic term); bhagavānayaṃ - bhagavaanayaM (object-form term); bhagavattaraḥ - bhagavattaraH (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): May this hand of mine be blessed; may it become even more blessed. May this be a universal medicine - a healing touch that is Siva.

yē tē̍ sa̠hasra̍ma̠yuta̠-mpāśā̠ mṛtyō̠ martyā̍ya̠ hanta̍vē । tān ya̠jñasya̍ mā̠yayā̠ sarvā̠nava̍ yajāmahē ।
Meaning (padārtha): yē - those who; who; tē - to you; sahasramayutaṃ - sahasramayutaM (object-form term); pāśā - paaSaa (Vedic term); mṛtyō - from death / immortality
Translation (bhāvārtha): Those thousand and ten-thousand nooses of death that bind mortals - by the power of yaj~ja and grace, we loosen and remove them all.

mṛ̠tyavē̠ svāhā̍ mṛ̠tyavē̠ svāhā̎ ।
Meaning (padārtha): mṛtyavē - mRutyavE (Vedic term); svāhā - svaahaa (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Offerings are made, surrendering the fear of death into the sacred fire.

ō-nnamō bhagavatē rudrāya viṣṇavē mṛtyu̍rmē pā̠hi ॥
Meaning (padārtha): ōṃ - auspicious seal of completion; namō - salutations; bhagavatē - to the blessed Lord; rudrāya - to Rudra; viṣṇavē - viShNavE (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Salutations to the blessed rudra and viShNu: protect me from death.

prāṇānā-ṅgranthirasi rudrō mā̍ viśā̠ntakaḥ । tēnānnēnā̎pyāya̠sva ॥
Meaning (padārtha): prāṇānāṃ - praaNaanaaM (object-form term); granthirasi - granthirasi (Vedic term); rudrō - rudrO (Vedic term); mā - maa (Vedic term); viśāntakaḥ - viSaaMtakaH (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): O rudra, you are the "knot" of the life-forces; do not sever me. Be nourished by this offering/food.

namō rudrāya viṣṇavē mṛtyu̍rmē pā̠hi ॥
Meaning (padārtha): namō - salutations; rudrāya - to Rudra; viṣṇavē - viShNavE (Vedic term); mṛtyurmē - mRutyurmE (Vedic term); pāhi - paahi (Vedic term)
Translation (bhāvārtha): Again, a direct plea: protect me from death.

Commentary (anusandhāna):
These concluding mantras gather the heart of Sri Rudram into one intense prayer: freedom from fear and bondage. The famous tryambaka mantra is often chanted for health, but its deeper intention is liberation from the "bondage of death" - not only physical death, but the constant anxiety and clinging that make life small. The image of the ripe urvāruka naturally releasing is a reminder: true release is not violent; it is ripeness and letting-go.

The hymn also makes a profound ecological and spiritual claim: rudra is in fire, waters, and herbs. That means the forces that sustain life - heat, fluids, medicine, growth - are sacred. When the hand is described as viśvabhēṣaja ("universal medicine"), it is a call to become a healer in the world: to use our abilities to reduce suffering, not to increase it.

In modern practice, these mantras can be used in three ways: (1) as a prayer for health and resilience during illness or stress, (2) as a meditation to release fear of loss and death, and (3) as an ethical reminder to live in a way that reduces harm. A simple daily application: before sleep, repeat the core intention in your own words - "May I act so that my life becomes a healing touch; may fear be loosened; may I live with courage and dharma."

The imagery also invites a shift from self-protection to healing service. When we say ayaṃ mē hastō bhagavān, we are not only asking for personal blessing; we are consecrating action. This resonates with the Upanishadic ideal of fearlessness (abhayaṃ) and the yogic ideal of non-harming: let your hands be helpful. In modern terms: volunteer, care for elders, support someone in crisis, and let speech become medicine. A life that becomes "universal remedy" is one of the deepest ways to honor Sri Rudram.

Concluding Mantras 2


sadāśi̠vōm ।

ōṃ śānti̠-śśānti̠-śśānti̍ḥ ।

Meaning (padārtha):
sadā - always
śiva - auspicious; beneficent; the good
ōṃ - the primal syllable; a seal of prayer
śāntiḥ - peace; settling of disturbance (repeated three times)

Translation (bhāvārtha):
ōṃ - may the ever-auspicious śiva be present. ōṃ. Peace, peace, peace.

Commentary (anusandhāna):
After the intense prayer of Sri Rudram, this short closing works like a spiritual exhale. sadāśiva is not just a name; it is a reassurance about the destination of the practice: even when we invoke fierce purification, the final truth is śiva - auspiciousness, healing, and wellbeing.

The triple śāntiḥ is traditionally understood as peace at three levels: within oneself (adhyātmika), in the world of beings and relationships (adhibhautika), and in the larger forces beyond our control like nature and fate (adhidaivika). Ending with threefold peace reminds us that prayer is incomplete if it does not settle the mind, heal relationships, and restore harmony with the world.

In daily use, this closing can be a short reset. Say śāntiḥ once for your body (tension, illness), once for relationships (conflict, misunderstanding), and once for the wider world (uncertainty you cannot control). If you end your Rudram recitation before sleep, let the last repetition be slower and softer, as if you are laying down the "weapons" of the day. That is how the ritual turns into rest and inner healing.




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