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சாணக்ய நீதி - த்ரயோத³ஶோத்⁴யாய:

முஹூர்தமபி ஜீவேச்ச நர: ஶுக்லேன கர்மணா ।
ந கல்பமபி கஷ்டேன லோகத்³வயவிரோதி⁴னா ॥ ௦1 ॥

A man may live but for a moment, but that moment should be spent in doing auspicious deeds. It is useless living even for a kalpa (4,320,000 1000 years) and bringing only distress upon the two worlds (this world and the next).

க³தே ஶோகோ ந கர்தவ்யோ ப⁴விஷ்யம் நைவ சிந்தயேத் ।
வர்தமானேன காலேன வர்தயந்தி விசக்ஷணா: ॥ ௦2 ॥

We should not fret for what is past, nor should we be anxious about the future; men of discernment deal only with the present moment.

ஸ்வபா⁴வேன ஹி துஷ்யந்தி தே³வா: ஸத்புருஷா: பிதா ।
ஜ்ஞாதய: ஸ்னானபானாப்⁴யாம் வாக்யதா³னேன பண்டி³தா: ॥ ௦3 ॥

It certainly is nature of the demigods, men of good character, and parents to be easily pleased. Near and distant relatives are pleased when they are hospitably received with bathing, food, and drink; and pandits are pleased with an opportunity for giving spiritual discourse.

ஆயு: கர்ம ச வித்தம் ச வித்³யா நித⁴னமேவ ச ।
பஞ்சைதானி ஹி ஸ்ருஜ்யந்தே க³ர்ப⁴ஸ்த²ஸ்யைவ தே³ஹின: ॥ ௦4 (4.1) ॥

Even as the unborn babe is in the womb of his mother, these five are fixed as his life destiny: his life span, his activities, his acquisition of wealth and knowledge, and his time of death.

அஹோ ப³த விசித்ராணி சரிதானி மஹாத்மனாம் ।
லக்ஷ்மீம் த்ருணாய மன்யந்தே தத்³பா⁴ரேண நமந்தி ச ॥ ௦5 ॥

O see what a wonder it is! The doings of the great are strange: they treat wealth as light as a straw, yet, when they obtain it, they bend under its weight.

யஸ்ய ஸ்னேஹோ ப⁴யம் தஸ்ய ஸ்னேஹோ து³:க²ஸ்ய பா⁴ஜனம் ।
ஸ்னேஹமூலானி து³:கா²னி தானி த்யக்த்வா வஸேத் ஸுக²ம் ॥ ௦6 ॥

He who is overly attached to his family members experiences fear and sorrow, for the root of all grief is attachment. Thus one should discard attachment to be happy.

அனாக³தவிதா⁴தா ச ப்ரத்யுத்பன்னமதிஸ்ததா² ।
த்³வாவேதௌ ஸுக²மேதே⁴தே யத்³ப⁴விஷ்யோ வினஶ்யதி ॥ ௦7 ॥

He who is prepared for the future and he who deals cleverly with any situation that may arise are both happy; but the fatalistic man who wholly depends on luck is ruined.

ராஜ்ஞி த⁴ர்மிணி த⁴ர்மிஷ்டா²: பாபே பாபா: ஸமே ஸமா: ।
ராஜானமனுவர்தந்தே யதா² ராஜா ததா² ப்ரஜா: ॥ ௦8 ॥

If the king is virtuous, then the subjects are also virtuous. If the king is sinful, then the subjects also become sinful. If he is mediocre, then the subjects are mediocre. The subjects follow the example of the king. In short, as is the king so are the subjects.

ஜீவந்தம் ம்ருதவன்மன்யே தே³ஹினம் த⁴ர்மவர்ஜிதம் ।
ம்ருதோ த⁴ர்மேண ஸம்யுக்தோ தீ³ர்கஜ⁴ீவீ ந ஸம்ஶய: ॥ ௦9 ॥

I consider him who does not act religiously as dead though living, but he who dies acting religiously unquestionably lives long though he is dead.

த⁴ர்மார்த²காமமோக்ஷாணாம் யஸ்யைகோபி ந வித்³யதே ।
அஜாக³லஸ்தனஸ்யேவ தஸ்ய ஜன்ம நிரர்த²கம் ॥ 1௦ ॥

He who has acquired neither virtue, wealth, satisfaction of desires nor salvation (த⁴ர்ம, அர்த,² காம, மோக்ஷ), lives an utterly useless life, like the "nipples" hanging from the neck of a goat.

த³ஹ்யமானா: ஸுதீவ்ரேண நீசா: பரயஶோக்³னினா ।
அஶக்தாஸ்தத்பத³ம் க³ந்தும் ததோ நிண்டா³ம் ப்ரகுர்வதே ॥ 11 ॥

The hearts of base men burn before the fire of other's fame, and they slander them being themselves unable to rise to such a high position.

ப³ந்தா⁴ய விஷயாஸனகோ³ முக்த்யை நிர்விஷயம் மன: ।
மன ஏவ மனுஷ்யாணாம் காரணம் ப³ந்த⁴மோக்ஷயோ: ॥ 12 ॥

Excessive attachment to sense pleasures leads to bondage, and detachment from sense pleasures leads to liberation; therefore it is the mind alone that is responsible for bondage or liberation.

தே³ஹாபி⁴மானே க³லிதம் ஜ்ஞானேன பரமாத்மனி ।
யத்ர யத்ர மனோ யாதி தத்ர தத்ர ஸமாத⁴ய: ॥ 13 ॥

He who sheds bodily identification by means of knowledge of the indwelling Supreme Self (பரமாத்ம), will always be absorbed in meditative trance (ஸமாதி⁴) wherever his mind leads him.

ஈப்ஸிதம் மனஸ: ஸர்வம் கஸ்ய ஸம்பத்³யதே ஸுக²ம் ।
தை³வாயத்தம் யத: ஸர்வம் தஸ்மாத்ஸந்தோஷமாஶ்ரயேத் ॥ 14 ॥

Who realises all the happiness he desires? Everything is in the hands of God. Therefore one should learn contentment.

யதா² தே⁴னுஸஹஸ்ரேஷு வத்ஸோ க³ச்ச²தி மாதரம் ।
ததா² யச்ச க்ருதம் கர்ம கர்தாரமனுக³ச்ச²தி ॥ 15 ॥

As a calf follows its mother among a thousand cows, so the (good or bad) deeds of a man follow him.

அனவஸ்தி²தகார்யஸ்ய ந ஜனே ந வனே ஸுக²ம் ।
ஜனோ த³ஹதி ஸம்ஸர்கா³த்³வனம் ஸங்க³விவர்ஜனாத் ॥ 16 ॥

He whose actions are disorganised has no happiness either in the midst of men or in a jungle -- in the midst of men his heart burns by social contacts, and his helplessness burns him in the forest.

க²னித்வா ஹி க²னித்ரேண பூ⁴தலே வாரி விந்த³தி ।
ததா² கு³ருக³தாம் வித்³யாம் ஶுஶ்ரூஷுரதி⁴க³ச்ச²தி ॥ 17 ॥

As the man who digs obtains underground water by use of a shovel, so the student attains the knowledge possessed by his preceptor through his service.

கர்மாயத்தம் ப²லம் பும்ஸாம் பு³த்³தி⁴: கர்மானுஸாரிணீ ।
ததா²பி ஸுதி⁴யஶ்சார்யா ஸுவிசார்யைவ குர்வதே ॥ 18 ॥

Men reap the fruits of their deeds, and intellects bear the mark of deeds performed in previous lives; even so the wise act after due circumspection.

ஏகாக்ஷரப்ரதா³தாரம் யோ கு³ரும் நாபி⁴வந்த³தே ।
ஶ்வானயோனிஶதம் க³த்வா சாண்டா³லேஷ்வபி⁴ஜாயதே ॥ 19 ॥

Even the man who has taught the spiritual significance of just one letter ought to be worshiped. He who does not give reverence to such a guru is born as a dog a hundred times, and at last takes birth as a chandala (dog-eater).

யுகா³ந்தே ப்ரசலேன்மேரு: கல்பாந்தே ஸப்த ஸாக³ரா: ।
ஸாத⁴வ: ப்ரதிபன்னார்தா²ன்ன சலந்தி கதா³சன ॥ 2௦ ॥

At the end of the yuga, Mount Meru may be shaken; at the end of the கல்ப, the waters of the seven oceans may be disturbed; but a ஸாது⁴ will never swerve from the spiritual path.

ப்ருதி²வ்யாம் த்ரீணி ரத்னானி ஜலமன்னம் ஸுபா⁴ஷிதம் ।
மூடை⁴: பாஷாணக²ண்டே³ஷு ரத்னஸஞ்ஜ்ஞா விதீ⁴யதே ॥ 21 ॥

There are three gems upon this earth; food, water, and pleasing words -- fools (mudhas) consider pieces of rocks as gems.




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