The Bhagavad Gita unfolds on the battlefield of đđđ°đđđđˇđđ¤đđ°, a moment suspended between war and wisdom. Here, amidst the clash of the đĒđžđđĄđĩđžđ and đđđ°đĩđžđ, đļđđ°đđđđˇđđŖ and đ
đ°đđđđ¨ engage in a dialogue that transcends the immediate chaos. Chapter 14, titled đđđŖđ¤đđ°đ¯đĩđŋđđžđđ¯đđđ - the đ¯đđ of the Division of the Three Gunas, invites us to look beneath the surface of action and emotion, into the very fabric of human nature.
In the previous chapters, đļđđ°đđđđˇđđŖ has guided đ
đ°đđđđ¨ through the paths of đđ°đđŽ-đ¯đđ (selfless action), đđđđžđ¨-đ¯đđ (knowledge), and đđđđ¤đŋ-đ¯đđ (devotion). Chapter 13 explored the distinction between the field (đđđļđđ¤đđ°) and the knower of the field (đđđļđđ¤đđ°đđđđđ¨), helping đ
đ°đđđđ¨ see the difference between the body and the true Self, or đđ¤đđŽđž.
Looking ahead, the next chapter turns to đĒđđ°đđˇđđ¤đđ¤đŽđ¯đđđ, using the image of the upside-down Ashvattha tree to reveal the perishable world, the imperishable Self, and the Supreme Person beyond both. But first, Chapter 14 asks us to become explorers of our own inner landscape, to recognize the subtle forces at play, and to discover the freedom that comes from knowing who we truly are.
đđ đļđđ°đ đĒđ°đŽđžđ¤đđŽđ¨đ đ¨đŽđ
đ
đĨ đđ¤đđ°đđĻđļđđŊđ§đđ¯đžđ¯đ
đđđŖđ¤đđ°đ¯đĩđŋđđžđđ¯đđđ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
Salutations to the Supreme Self. Now begins the fourteenth chapter, called 'The Yoga of the Division of the Three Qualities.'
đļđđ°đ đđđĩđžđ¨đđĩđžđ
đĒđ°đ đđđ¯đ đĒđđ°đĩđđđˇđđ¯đžđŽđŋ đđđđžđ¨đžđ¨đžđ đđđđžđ¨đŽđđ¤đđ¤đŽđŽđ āĨ¤
đ¯đđđđđđžđ¤đđĩđž đŽđđ¨đ¯đ đ¸đ°đđĩđ đĒđ°đžđ đ¸đŋđĻđđ§đŋđŽđŋđ¤đ đđ¤đžđ āĨĨ1āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
The Blessed Lord said: I will once more explain the supreme knowledge, the highest among all forms of wisdom. By understanding this, all contemplative sages have reached the ultimate perfection beyond this world.
đđĻđ đđđđžđ¨đŽđđĒđžđļđđ°đŋđ¤đđ¯ đŽđŽ đ¸đžđ§đ°đđŽđđ¯đŽđžđđ¤đžđ āĨ¤
đ¸đ°đđđđŊđĒđŋ đ¨đđĒđđžđ¯đđ¤đ đĒđđ°đ˛đ¯đ đ¨ đĩđđ¯đĨđđ¤đŋ đ āĨĨ2āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
Those who take refuge in this knowledge and reach a state of unity with Me are not born again during creation, nor do they experience distress during the dissolution of the universe.
đŽđŽ đ¯đđ¨đŋđ°đđŽđšđĻđđŦđđ°đšđđŽ đ¤đ¸đđŽđŋđ¨đđđ°đđđ đĻđ§đžđŽđđ¯đšđŽđ āĨ¤
đ¸đđđĩđ đ¸đ°đđĩđđđ¤đžđ¨đžđ đ¤đ¤đ đđĩđ¤đŋ đđžđ°đ¤ āĨĨ3āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
My womb is the vast cosmic substance, and into it I place the seed of all life. From this union, Arjuna, comes the birth of every living being.
đ¸đ°đđĩđ¯đđ¨đŋđˇđ đđđđ¤đđ¯ đŽđđ°đđ¤đ¯đ đ¸đđđĩđđ¤đŋ đ¯đžđ āĨ¤
đ¤đžđ¸đžđ đŦđđ°đšđđŽ đŽđšđĻđđ¯đđ¨đŋđ đ
đšđ đŦđđđĒđđ°đĻđ đĒđŋđ¤đž āĨĨ4āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
O son of Kunti, whatever forms come into existence in any womb, the great source or womb for all of them is primordial nature, and I am the father who provides the seed.
đ¸đ¤đđ¤đđĩđ đ°đđ¸đđ¤đŽ đđ¤đŋ đđđŖđžđ đĒđđ°đđđ¤đŋđ¸đđđĩđžđ āĨ¤
đ¨đŋđŦđ§đđ¨đđ¤đŋ đŽđšđžđŦđžđšđ đĻđđšđ đĻđđšđŋđ¨đŽđĩđđ¯đ¯đŽđ āĨĨ5āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
O mighty-armed Arjuna, the qualities of clarity, activity, and inertia-known as sattva, rajas, and tamas-arise from nature and bind the unchanging self to the body.
đ¤đ¤đđ° đ¸đ¤đđ¤đđĩđ đ¨đŋđ°đđŽđ˛đ¤đđĩđžđ¤đ đĒđđ°đđžđļđđŽđ¨đžđŽđ¯đŽđ āĨ¤
đ¸đđđ¸đđđđ¨ đŦđ§đđ¨đžđ¤đŋ đđđđžđ¨đ¸đđđđ¨ đđžđ¨đ āĨĨ6āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
Of these qualities, sattva, because it is pure, is illuminating and free from harm. Yet, O sinless one, it binds by creating attachment to happiness and to knowledge.
đ°đđ đ°đžđđžđ¤đđŽđđ đĩđŋđĻđđ§đŋ đ¤đđˇđđŖđžđ¸đđđ¸đŽđđĻđđđĩđŽđ āĨ¤
đ¤đ¨đđ¨đŋđŦđ§đđ¨đžđ¤đŋ đđđđ¤đđ¯ đđ°đđŽđ¸đđđđ¨ đĻđđšđŋđ¨đŽđ āĨĨđāĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
Understand that rajas is the quality of passion, which is rooted in craving and attachment. This force, Arjuna, binds the soul by creating a strong attachment to action and its results.
đ¤đŽđ¸đđ¤đđĩđđđđžđ¨đđ đĩđŋđĻđđ§đŋ đŽđđšđ¨đ đ¸đ°đđĩđĻđđšđŋđ¨đžđŽđ āĨ¤
đĒđđ°đŽđžđĻđžđ˛đ¸đđ¯đ¨đŋđĻđđ°đžđđŋđ đ¤đ¨đđ¨đŋđŦđ§đđ¨đžđ¤đŋ đđžđ°đ¤ āĨĨđŽāĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
But know that tamas, the quality of darkness and inertia, is born from ignorance. It confuses all living beings, Arjuna, and binds them through negligence, laziness, and sleep.
đ¸đ¤đđ¤đđĩđ đ¸đđđ đ¸đđđ¯đ¤đŋ đ°đđ đđ°đđŽđŖđŋ đđžđ°đ¤ āĨ¤
đđđđžđ¨đŽđžđĩđđ¤đđ¯ đ¤đ đ¤đŽđ đĒđđ°đŽđžđĻđ đ¸đđđ¯đ¤đđ¯đđ¤ āĨĨđ¯āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
O Arjuna, the quality of clarity (sattva) binds one to happiness, the quality of passion (rajas) binds one to action, while the quality of inertia (tamas), by covering knowledge, binds one to carelessness and neglect.
đ°đđ¸đđ¤đŽđļđđđžđđŋđđđ¯ đ¸đ¤đđ¤đđĩđ đđĩđ¤đŋ đđžđ°đ¤ āĨ¤
đ°đđ đ¸đ¤đđ¤đđĩđ đ¤đŽđļđđđđĩ đ¤đŽđ đ¸đ¤đđ¤đđĩđ đ°đđ¸đđ¤đĨđž āĨĨ10āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
O Arjuna, sometimes the quality of clarity (sattva) becomes dominant by subduing passion (rajas) and inertia (tamas); at other times, passion prevails by overpowering clarity and inertia; and likewise, inertia takes over by suppressing clarity and passion.
đ¸đ°đđĩđĻđđĩđžđ°đđˇđ đĻđđšđđŊđ¸đđŽđŋđ¨đ đĒđđ°đđžđļ đđĒđđžđ¯đ¤đ āĨ¤
đđđđžđ¨đ đ¯đĻđž đ¤đĻđž đĩđŋđĻđđ¯đžđ¤đ đĩđŋđĩđđĻđđ§đ đ¸đ¤đđ¤đđĩđŽđŋđ¤đđ¯đđ¤ āĨĨ11āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
When the light of understanding shines clearly through all the senses in this body, know for certain that the quality of clarity and harmony, sattva, has become dominant.
đ˛đđđ đĒđđ°đĩđđ¤đđ¤đŋđ°đžđ°đđđ đđ°đđŽđŖđžđŽđļđŽđ đ¸đđĒđđšđž āĨ¤
đ°đđ¸đđ¯đđ¤đžđ¨đŋ đđžđ¯đđ¤đ đĩđŋđĩđđĻđđ§đ đđ°đ¤đ°đđˇđ āĨĨ12āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
O Arjuna, when the quality of rajas becomes dominant, greed, constant activity, the urge to begin new undertakings, restlessness, and intense longing all arise.
đ
đĒđđ°đđžđļđđŊđĒđđ°đĩđđ¤đđ¤đŋđļđđ đĒđđ°đŽđžđĻđ đŽđđš đđĩ đ āĨ¤
đ¤đŽđ¸đđ¯đđ¤đžđ¨đŋ đđžđ¯đđ¤đ đĩđŋđĩđđĻđđ§đ đđđ°đđ¨đđĻđ¨ āĨĨ13āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
O Arjuna, when tamas becomes dominant, these arise: lack of clarity, inactivity, negligence, and delusion.
đ¯đĻđž đ¸đ¤đđ¤đđĩđ đĒđđ°đĩđđĻđđ§đ đ¤đ đĒđđ°đ˛đ¯đ đ¯đžđ¤đŋ đĻđđšđđđ¤đ āĨ¤
đ¤đĻđđ¤đđ¤đŽđĩđŋđĻđžđ đ˛đđđžđ¨đ đ
đŽđ˛đžđ¨đđĒđđ°đ¤đŋđĒđĻđđ¯đ¤đ āĨĨ14āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
When a person dies while the quality of purity is dominant, they reach the flawless realms inhabited by those who have realized the highest truth.
đ°đđ¸đŋ đĒđđ°đ˛đ¯đ đđ¤đđĩđž đđ°đđŽđ¸đđđŋđˇđ đđžđ¯đ¤đ āĨ¤
đ¤đĨđž đĒđđ°đ˛đđ¨đ¸đđ¤đŽđ¸đŋ đŽđđĸđ¯đđ¨đŋđˇđ đđžđ¯đ¤đ āĨĨ15āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
If someone dies while the quality of rajas is dominant, they are reborn among people who are attached to action and activity. In the same way, if someone dies when tamas is prevailing, they are born into families or species lacking in intelligence or awareness.
đđ°đđŽđŖđ đ¸đđđđ¤đ¸đđ¯đžđšđđ đ¸đžđ¤đđ¤đđĩđŋđđ đ¨đŋđ°đđŽđ˛đ đĢđ˛đŽđ āĨ¤
đ°đđ¸đ¸đđ¤đ đĢđ˛đ đĻđđđđŽđ đ
đđđđžđ¨đ đ¤đŽđ¸đ đĢđ˛đŽđ āĨĨ16āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
The wise say that the outcome of good actions is pure and comes from the quality of clarity and harmony. The result of actions driven by passion is suffering, while the result of actions rooted in ignorance is further ignorance.
đ¸đ¤đđ¤đđĩđžđ¤đđ¸đđđžđ¯đ¤đ đđđđžđ¨đ đ°đđ¸đ đ˛đđ đđĩ đ āĨ¤
đĒđđ°đŽđžđĻđŽđđšđ đ¤đŽđ¸đ đđĩđ¤đđŊđđđđžđ¨đŽđđĩ đ āĨĨ1đāĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
From purity and clarity comes knowledge; from passion and restlessness arises greed. From inertia and darkness emerge negligence, confusion, and also ignorance.
đđ°đđ§đđĩđ đđđđđđ¤đŋ đ¸đ¤đđ¤đđĩđ¸đđĨđžđ đŽđ§đđ¯đ đ¤đŋđˇđđ đđ¤đŋ đ°đžđđ¸đžđ āĨ¤
đđđ¨đđ¯đđđŖđĩđđ¤đđ¤đŋđ¸đđĨđžđ đ
đ§đ đđđđđđ¤đŋ đ¤đžđŽđ¸đžđ āĨĨ1đŽāĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
Those who are established in the quality of sattva rise to higher states, those who are influenced by rajas remain in the middle, and those whose actions are shaped by the lowest quality, tamas, descend to lower states.
đ¨đžđ¨đđ¯đ đđđŖđđđđ¯đ đđ°đđ¤đžđ°đ đ¯đĻđž đĻđđ°đˇđđđžđŊđ¨đđĒđļđđ¯đ¤đŋ āĨ¤
đđđŖđđđđ¯đļđđ đĒđ°đ đĩđđ¤đđ¤đŋ đŽđĻđđđžđĩđ đ¸đđŊđ§đŋđđđđđ¤đŋ āĨĨ1đ¯āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
When a person recognizes that the qualities of nature alone are responsible for all actions, and understands what is beyond these qualities, that person attains a state like Mine.
đđđŖđžđ¨đđ¤đžđ¨đ¤đđ¤đđ¯ đ¤đđ°đđ¨đ đĻđđšđ đĻđđšđ¸đŽđđĻđđđĩđžđ¨đ āĨ¤
đđ¨đđŽđŽđđ¤đđ¯đđđ°đžđĻđđđđđ đĩđŋđŽđđđđ¤đđŊđŽđđ¤đŽđļđđ¨đđ¤đ āĨĨ20āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
When the embodied soul rises above these three qualities that originate in the body, it becomes free from birth, death, aging, and suffering, and attains a state of immortality.
đ
đ°đđđđ¨ đđĩđžđ
đđđ°đđ˛đŋđđđđ¸đđ¤đđ°đđ¨đđđđŖđžđ¨đđ¤đžđ¨đ đ
đ¤đđ¤đ đđĩđ¤đŋ đĒđđ°đđ āĨ¤
đđŋđŽđžđđžđ°đ đđĨđ đđđ¤đžđ¨đ đ¤đđ°đđ¨đđđđŖđžđ¨đ¤đŋđĩđ°đđ¤đ¤đ āĨĨ21āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
Arjuna said: O Lord, by what signs can someone who has gone beyond these three qualities be recognized? What is their way of living, and how do they actually rise above these three qualities?
đļđđ°đ đđđĩđžđ¨đđĩđžđ
đĒđđ°đđžđļđ đ đĒđđ°đĩđđ¤đđ¤đŋđ đ đŽđđšđŽđđĩ đ đĒđžđđĄđĩ āĨ¤
đ¨ đĻđđĩđđˇđđđŋ đ¸đđĒđđ°đĩđđ¤đđ¤đžđ¨đŋ đ¨ đ¨đŋđĩđđ¤đđ¤đžđ¨đŋ đđžđđđđˇđ¤đŋ āĨĨ22āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
The Blessed Lord said: O Arjuna, when illumination, activity, or delusion arise, the one who has transcended the modes does not dislike them; nor does he crave for them when they fade away.
đđĻđžđ¸đđ¨đĩđĻđžđ¸đđ¨đ đđđŖđđ°đđ¯đ đ¨ đĩđŋđđžđ˛đđ¯đ¤đ āĨ¤
đđđŖđž đĩđ°đđ¤đđ¤ đđ¤đđ¯đđĩ đ¯đđŊđĩđ¤đŋđˇđđ đ¤đŋ đ¨đđđđ¤đ āĨĨ23āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
One who sits as if detached, unaffected by the movements of the qualities of nature, and who understands that these qualities alone are active, remains steady and does not get swept away by them.
đ¸đŽđĻđđđđ¸đđđ đ¸đđĩđ¸đđĨđ đ¸đŽđ˛đđˇđđđžđļđđŽđđžđđđ¨đ āĨ¤
đ¤đđ˛đđ¯đĒđđ°đŋđ¯đžđĒđđ°đŋđ¯đ đ§đđ°đ đ¤đđ˛đđ¯đ¨đŋđđĻđžđ¤đđŽđ¸đđ¸đđ¤đđ¤đŋđ āĨĨ24āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
One who remains balanced in both pain and pleasure, who is anchored in their own true self, who sees no difference between a clod of earth, a stone, or gold, who is impartial toward what is pleasant or unpleasant, who is steady in wisdom, and who treats criticism and praise of themselves with equal regard.
đŽđžđ¨đžđĒđŽđžđ¨đ¯đđ¸đđ¤đđ˛đđ¯đ đ¤đđ˛đđ¯đ đŽđŋđ¤đđ°đžđ°đŋđĒđđđˇđ¯đđ āĨ¤
đ¸đ°đđĩđžđ°đđđĒđ°đŋđ¤đđ¯đžđđ đđđŖđžđ¤đđ¤đ đ¸ đđđđ¯đ¤đ āĨĨ25āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
One who remains steady in both honor and dishonor, who treats friend and enemy alike, and who has given up all personal initiatives or undertakings, is recognized as someone who has transcended the influence of the material qualities.
đŽđžđ đ đ¯đđŊđĩđđ¯đđŋđđžđ°đđŖ đđđđ¤đŋđ¯đđđđ¨ đ¸đđĩđ¤đ āĨ¤
đ¸ đđđŖđžđ¨đđ¸đŽđ¤đđ¤đđ¯đđ¤đžđ¨đ đŦđđ°đšđđŽđđđ¯đžđ¯ đđ˛đđĒđ¤đ āĨĨ26āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
Whoever serves Me with unwavering devotion, practicing the yoga of single-minded love, transcends these qualities of nature and becomes eligible for the state of Brahman.
đŦđđ°đšđđŽđŖđ đšđŋ đĒđđ°đ¤đŋđˇđđ đžđŊđšđŽđ đ
đŽđđ¤đ¸đđ¯đžđĩđđ¯đ¯đ¸đđ¯ đ āĨ¤
đļđžđļđđĩđ¤đ¸đđ¯ đ đ§đ°đđŽđ¸đđ¯ đ¸đđđ¸đđ¯đđđžđđ¤đŋđđ¸đđ¯ đ āĨĨ2đāĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
For I am the very foundation of Brahman, the immortal, the unchanging, the eternal law, and the supreme, undivided bliss.
āĨĨ đđ đ¤đ¤đđ¸đĻđŋđ¤đŋ đļđđ°đđŽđĻđđđđĩđĻđđđđ¤đžđ¸đ đđĒđ¨đŋđˇđ¤đđ¸đ đŦđđ°đšđđŽđĩđŋđĻđđ¯đžđ¯đžđ
đ¯đđđļđžđ¸đđ¤đđ°đ đļđđ°đđđđˇđđŖđžđ°đđđđ¨đ¸đđĩđžđĻđ đđđŖđ¤đđ°đ¯đĩđŋđđžđđ¯đđđ đđ¤đđ°đđĻđļđđŊđ§đđ¯đžđ¯đ āĨĨ
Translation (đđžđĩđžđ°đđĨ):
Thus ends the fourteenth chapter, titled 'The Yoga of the Division of the Three Qualities', from the dialogue between Sri Krishna and Arjuna, found within the Upanishad-like scripture of the Bhagavad Gita, which teaches the knowledge of Brahman and the science of yoga.
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